Standards and codes of practice
Comply with the fish and fish habitat protection provisions of the Fisheries Act by incorporating measures to avoid:
- causing the death of fish
- the harmful alteration, disruption or destruction of fish habitat
If you can't avoid risks to fish and fish habitat by implementing the measures to protect fish and fish habitat, check to see if there are standards or codes of practice that apply to your project.
A code of practice specifies conditions and measures for managing risks to fish and fish habitat.
A standard outlines how a specific management measure should be designed and implemented to achieve its objective.
Standards and codes of practice can relate to works, undertakings and activities during various phases of their life cycle, such as construction, operation, maintenance or decommissioning.
You may need to request a project review if the codes of practice don't apply to your project.
How to use the codes of practice
Section 1 describes the works, undertakings and activities addressed by the code of practice and the risks to fish and fish habitat which can be mitigated by following the code of practice. You will also find a link to contact information in case you have further questions.
Section 2 helps you determine if you can apply the code of practice to your project and requests that you notify us when you use the code of practice.
Section 3 outlines measures to follow. Review the complete set of measures and only apply the measures that are applicable to your project.
Section 4 provides a glossary to ensure that key terms are understood.
How to use a standard
Standards are not considered stand-alone documents.
They can be referenced in an instrument (for example, codes of practice, regulations or authorizations), or they may also be referenced by the proponent in a project plan, request for review or application for authorization. Provinces, territories and industry partners may also choose to reference standards in their guidelines or regulations as appropriate.
Updates
- Four new interim codes of practice have been posted for public engagement until November 30, 2023.
- Bridge repair and maintenance
- Municipal and agricultural drain maintenance
- Repair and maintenance of in-water structures
- Repair, maintenance and construction of docks, moorings and boathouses
- An interim code of practice for temporary cofferdams and diversion channels has been updated and replaced with an interim in-water site isolation standard, which is intended to address feedback received during Wave 1 engagement in 2021.
- Interim codes of practice for fish screens can continue to be used but further analysis and review are required before they can be published as final.
Code of practice: beaver dam breaching and removal
View the code of practice for beaver dam breaching and removal.
This code of practice outlines practices to follow for the breaching and removal of a beaver dam which is impounding water and may cause imminent threat or damage to nearby infrastructure.
The beaver dam breaching and removal code of practice provides useful information on the measures to follow to ensure that fish and fish habitat are protected. Risks to fish and fish habitat from beaver dam breaching and removal include:
- disturbance of watercourse beds and banks
- release of sediments or other deleterious substances
- changes in flow
- stranding of fish
Interim code of practice: bridge repair and maintenance
View the interim code of practice for bridge repair and maintenance.
This interim code of practice outlines practices to follow for the repair and maintenance of bridges, including:
- structural repair and maintenance of all bridge components (substructure, superstructure and deck)
- cleaning, sweeping and washing, of all bridge components, including the removal and application of protective coatings
- removal of debris to protect piers and abutments
The bridge repair and maintenance interim code of practice provides useful information on the measures to follow to ensure that fish and fish habitat are protected. Risks to fish and fish habitat from the repair and maintenance of bridges include:
- disturbance of water body bed and banks
- release of sediments or other deleterious substances
- changes to aquatic habitat
Code of practice: clear span bridges
View the code of practice for clear span bridges.
This code of practice outlines practices to follow for the construction of clear span bridges which includes:
- the construction, maintenance and decommissioning of temporary clear span bridges
- the construction of permanent clear span bridges
The clear span bridges code of practice provides useful information on the measures to follow to ensure that fish and fish habitat are protected. Risks to fish and fish habitat from clear span bridges include:
- disturbance of watercourse banks
- release of sediments or other deleterious substances
- loss of, or damage to, riparian vegetation
Code of practice: culvert maintenance
View the code of practice for culvert maintenance.
This code of practice provides best practices for the maintenance of culverts which includes:
- clearing of ice build-up, debris, garbage and accumulated sediment from the area within the culvert and immediately upstream and downstream
- repairing roadway surfaces
- reinforcement of eroding inlets and outlets
The culvert maintenance code of practice provides useful information on the measures to follow to ensure that fish and fish habitat are protected. Risks to fish and fish habitat from culvert maintenance include:
- disturbance of watercourse beds and banks
- release of sediments or other deleterious substances
- changes in flow
Interim code of practice: end-of-pipe fish protection screens for small water intakes in freshwater
This interim code of practice provides guidance on the design, installation and maintenance of small end-of-pipe water intake fish screens to prevent entrainment and impingement of fish.
- entrainment occurs when a fish is drawn into a water intake and cannot escape
- impingement occurs when a fish is held in contact with the intake screen and is unable to free itself
The end-of-pipe fish screen code of practice also provides:
- best practices for cleaning low volume water intakes that have the potential to impact fish
- guidance for using small-scale water intakes where the water intake flow rate is up to 0.150 cubic metres per second or 150 litres per second, including:
- irrigation
- construction
- municipal and private water supplies
- mining exploration
- information on the measures to follow to ensure maximum protection of fish
- fixed screen sizing and design specifications are exclusively for fish that have a minimum fork length of 25 mm
This interim code of practice does not cover impacts related to fish habitat and changes in flow conditions.
Code of practice: ice bridges and snow fills
View the code of practice for ice bridges and snow fills.
This code of practice outlines practices to follow for the construction, maintenance and decommissioning of ice bridges and snow fills. Ice bridges and snow fills are two methods used for temporary winter access to the other side of a watercourse in areas where an existing crossing is not available or practical to use.
The ice bridges and snow fills code of practice provides useful information on the measures to follow to ensure that fish and fish habitat are protected. Risks to fish and fish habitat from ice bridges and snow fills include:
- disturbance of watercourse beds and banks
- release of sediments or other deleterious substances
- fish injury and mortality from water pumps
Interim code of practice: municipal and agricultural drain maintenance
View the interim code of practice for municipal and agricultural drain maintenance.
This interim code of practice outlines practices to follow for municipal and agricultural drain maintenance and applies only to drains with intermittent flow. Maintenance activities can include:
- work on the banks including repair, stabilization, brushing (slope, and top of bank)
- isolated spot cleanout, full cleanout (when dry or frozen) and bottom cleanout (when dry or frozen)
- repairs to, and maintenance of, water control structures, pipes, junction boxes, catch basins, pump stations, dykes and pipe outlets
- removal of debris
The municipal and agricultural drain maintenance interim code of practice provides useful information on the measures to follow to ensure that fish and fish habitat are protected. Risks to fish and fish habitat from municipal and agricultural drain maintenance include:
- disturbance of watercourse bed and banks
- release of sediments or other deleterious substances
- changes to aquatic habitat
Interim code of practice: repair and maintenance of in-water structures
View the interim code of practice for repair and maintenance of in-water structures.
This interim code of practice outlines practices to follow for the repair and maintenance of existing in-water structures associated with harbors, marinas, ports and public boat launches.In-water structures include:
- piers
- wharves
- groynes
- docks
- boat launch ramps/slipways
- breakwaters
- moorings
The repair and maintenance of in-water structures interim code of practice provides useful information on the measures to follow to ensure that fish and fish habitat are protected. Risks to fish and fish habitat from the repair and maintenance of in-water structures include:
- disturbance to water body bed and banks
- release of sediments or other deleterious substances
- change to aquatic habitat
Interim code of practice: repair, maintenance and construction of docks, moorings and boathouses
This interim code of practice outlines practices to follow for the repair, maintenance and construction of residential docks, moorings and boathouses. These are either floating or supported by pipes, piles, poles, anchors, concrete blocks or cantilever arms.
The repair, maintenance and construction of docks, moorings and boathouses interim code of practice provides useful information on the measures to follow to ensure that fish and fish habitat are protected. Risks to fish and fish habitat from the repair, maintenance and construction of docks, moorings and boathouses include:
- disturbance of watercourse beds and banks
- release of sediments or other deleterious substances
- changes to aquatic habitat
Code of practice: Routine maintenance dredging for navigation
View the code of practice for routine maintenance dredging for navigation.
This code of practice outlines practices to follow for routine maintenance dredging, which occurs at least once every 10 years.
Routine maintenance dredging involves the mechanical removal of accumulated sediment from the bed of a water body in an area where dredging for navigation purposes has previously occurred and was reviewed by DFO.
Routine dredging helps to maintain the design depths of:
- navigation channels
- harbours
- marinas
- boat launches
- docking sites
- port facilities
The routine maintenance dredging code of practice provides useful information on the measures to follow to ensure that fish and fish habitat are protected. Risks to fish and fish habitat from routine maintenance dredging include:
- disturbance of water body beds and banks
- release of sediments or other deleterious substances
- changes to aquatic habitat
- fish injury and mortality
This code applies to routine maintenance dredging only and does not apply to new dredging projects or to the expansion of a previously dredged area.
Code of practice: Temporary fords
View the code of practice for temporary fords.
This code of practice provides best practices for fording a watercourse. Temporary fords are employed for short term seasonal access by construction vehicles to the other side of a watercourse when an existing crossing is not available or practical to use. They can include:
- a one-time crossing (over and back) in flowing waters
- multiple crossings when a streambed is seasonally dry
The temporary fords code of practice provides useful information on the measures to follow to ensure that fish and fish habitat are protected. Risks to fish and fish habitat from temporary fords include:
- disturbance of watercourse beds and banks
- release of sediments or other deleterious substances
- fish injury and mortality
Interim standard: in-water site isolation
View the interim standard for in-water site isolation.
This interim standard provides national guidance for isolating a work site when it is located in a watercourse or water body. In-water site isolation may be required to support the construction of new infrastructure or to support maintenance or removal activities associated with existing infrastructure. This standard includes guidance related to the following 5 methods:
- cofferdams
- turbidity curtains
- pump arounds
- flumes
- diversion channels
In-water site isolation is a mitigation measure that is implemented during in-water work to manage sediment laden water. The objective of the measure is to reduce the intensity, spatial scale and duration of sedimentation of fish habitat resulting from the project. This standard provides guidance to proponents on how to implement in-water site isolation. It is intended for use in the installation, maintenance, monitoring and removal of in-water isolation methods occurring within:
- freshwater watercourses (i.e., rivers and streams)
- freshwater waterbodies (i.e., lakes and ponds)
- marine environments
The type of watercourse or water body and site-specific conditions will often inform the preferred method(s) of in-water site isolation.
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