Temporary Stream Crossing

A temporary stream crossing consists of i) a one-time ford in flowing waters, ii) a seasonally dry streambed ford, or iii) a temporary bridge (e.g., Bailey bridge or log stringer bridge). Temporary stream crossings are employed for short term access across a watercourse by construction vehicles when an existing crossing is not available or practical to use. They are not intended for prolonged use (e.g., mining haul roads). The use of temporary bridges or dry fording is preferred over fording in flowing waters due to the reduced risk of damaging the bed and banks of the watercourse and downstream sedimentation caused by vehicles. Separate Operational Statements are available for Ice Bridges and Snow Fills used for temporary access during the winter and for non-temporary Clear Span Bridges.

The risks to fish and fish habitat associated with temporary stream crossings include the potential for direct harm to stream banks and beds, release of excessive sediments and other deleterious substances (e.g., fuel, oil leaks), loss of riparian habitat and disruption to sensitive fish life stages.

Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) is responsible for protecting fish and fish habitat across Canada. Under the Fisheries Act no one may carry out a work or undertaking that will cause the harmful alteration, disruption or destruction (HADD) of fish habitat unless it has been authorized by DFO. By following the conditions and measures set out below you will be in compliance with subsection 35(1) of the Fisheries Act.

The purpose of this Operational Statement is to describe the conditions under which it is applicable to your project and the measures to incorporate into your project in order to avoid negative impacts to fish habitat. You may proceed with your temporary stream crossing project without a DFO review when you meet the following conditions:

• the bridge is no greater than one lane in width, and no part of its structure is placed within the wetted portion of the stream,
• the work does not include realigning the watercourse,
• for fording in flowing waters and temporary bridges, the channel width at the crossing site is no greater than 5 metres from ordinary high water mark to ordinary high water mark (HWM) (see definition below),
• disturbance to riparian vegetation is minimized,
• the work does not involve dredging, infilling, grading or excavating the bed or bank of the watercourse,
• all crossing materials will be removed prior to the spring freshet, or immediately following project completion if this occurs earlier,
• fording involves a one time event (over and back) and will not occur in areas that are known fish spawning sites,
• the crossing will not result in erosion and sedimentation of the stream, or alteration (e.g., compaction or rutting) of the bed and bank substrates,
• the crossing does not involve installation of a temporary culvert,
• this Operational Statement is posted at the work site and is readily available for reference by workers, and
• you incorporate the Measures to Protect Fish and Fish Habitat when Carrying Out a Temporary Stream Crossing listed below.

If you cannot meet all of the conditions listed above and cannot incorporate all of the measures listed below then your project may result in a violation of subsection 35(1) of the Fisheries Act and you could be subject to enforcement action. In this case, you should contact the Nunavut DFO office at the address shown below if you wish to obtain DFO’s opinion on the possible options you should consider to avoid contravention of the Fisheries Act.

You are required to respect all local, territorial and federal legislation that applies to the work being carried out in relation to this Operational Statement. The activities undertaken in this Operational Statement must also comply with the Species at Risk Act (SARA) (www.sararegistry.gc.ca). If you have questions regarding this Operational Statement, please contact the Nunavut DFO office.

We ask that you notify DFO, preferably 10 working days before starting your work, by filling out and sending the Nunavut Operational Statement notification form (http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/regions/central/habitat/os-eo/provinces-territories-territoires/nu/os-eo20-eng.htm) to the Nunavut DFO office. This information is requested in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the work carried out in relation to this Operational Statement.

Measures to Protect Fish and Fish Habitat when Carrying Out a Temporary Stream Crossing

1. Use existing trails, roads or cut lines wherever possible, as access routes to avoid disturbance to the riparian vegetation.
2. Locate crossings at straight sections of the stream, perpendicular to the bank, whenever possible. Avoid crossing on meander bends, braided streams, alluvial fans, or any other area that is inherently unstable and may result in the erosion and scouring of the stream bed.
3. While this Operational Statement does not cover the clearing of riparian vegetation, the removal of select plants may be necessary to access the construction site. This removal should be kept to a minimum and within the road or utility right-of-way. When practicable, prune or top the vegetation instead of uprooting.
4. Generally, there are no restrictions on timing for the construction of bridge structures or fording seasonally dry or frozen to the bottom streambeds, as they do not involve in-water work. However, if there are any activities with the potential to disrupt sensitive fish life stages (e.g., fording of the watercourse by machinery) these should adhere to appropriate fisheries timing widows (see the Nunavut In-Water Construction Timing Windows).
5. Machinery fording a flowing watercourse to bring equipment required for construction to the opposite side is limited to a one-time event (over and back) and is to occur only if an existing crossing at another location is not available or practical to use.
   • 5.1. If minor rutting is likely to occur, stream bank and bed protection methods (e.g., swamp mats, pads) should be used, provided they do not constrict flows or block fish passage.
   • 5.2. Grading of the stream banks for the approaches should not occur.
   • 5.3. If the stream bed and banks are steep and highly erodible (e.g., dominated by organic materials and silts) and erosion and degradation are likely to occur as a result of equipment fording, then a temporary bridge should be used in order to protect these areas.
   • 5.4. The one-time fording should adhere to fisheries timing windows (see Measure 4).
   • 5.5. Fording should occur under low flow conditions, and not when flows are elevated due to local rain events or seasonal flooding.
6. Install effective sediment and erosion control measures before starting work to prevent the entry of sediment into the watercourse. Inspect them regularly during the course of construction and make all necessary repairs if any damage occurs.
7. For temporary bridges also employ the following measures:
   • 7.1. Use only clean materials (e.g., rock or coarse gravel fill, wood, or steel) for approaches to the bridge (i.e., not sand, clay or organic soil) and install in a manner that avoids erosion and sedimentation.
   • 7.2. Design temporary bridges to accommodate any expected high flows of the watercourse during the construction period.
   • 7.3. Restore the bank and substrate to pre-construction condition.
   • 7.4. Completely remove all materials used in the construction of the temporary bridge from the watercourse following the equipment crossing, and stabilize and re-vegetate the banks.
8. Operate machinery in a manner that minimizes disturbance to the watercourse bed and banks.
   • 8.1. Protect entrances at machinery access points (e.g., using swamp mats) and establish single site entry and exit.
   • 8.2. Machinery is to arrive on site in a clean condition and is to be maintained free of fluid leaks.
   • 8.3. Wash, refuel and service machinery and store fuel and other materials for the machinery away from the water to prevent deleterious substances from entering the water.
   • 8.4. Keep an emergency spill kit on site in case of fluid leaks or spills from machinery.
   • 8.5. Spills of oil, fuel or other deleterious material, whether near or directly into a water body, should be reported immediately to the NWT/Nunavut 24-hour Spill Report Line at (867) 920-8130, as per existing reporting protocols.
9. Stabilize any waste materials removed from the work site, above the HWM, to prevent them from entering any watercourse. This could include covering spoil piles with biodegradable mats or tarps or planting them with preferably native grass or shrubs.
10. Vegetate any disturbed areas by planting and seeding preferably with native trees, shrubs or grasses and cover such areas with mulch to prevent soil erosion and to help seeds germinate. If there is insufficient time remaining in the growing season, the site should be stabilized (e.g., cover exposed areas with erosion control blankets to keep the soil in place and prevent erosion) and vegetated the following spring. If re-vegetation is not possible due to climatic extremes and/or lack of appropriate seed or stock, the site should be stabilized using effective sediment and erosion control measures. In areas with permafrost, care should be exercised to ensure these measures do not cause thawing or frost heave.
    • 10.1. Maintain effective sediment and erosion control measures until re-vegetation of disturbed areas is achieved or until such areas have been permanently stabilized by other effective sediment and erosion control measures, in the event that re-vegetation is not possible.

Definition:

Ordinary high water mark (HWM) – The usual or average level to which a body of water rises at its highest point and remains for sufficient time so as to change the characteristics of the land. In flowing waters (rivers, streams) this refers to the "active channel/bank-full level" which is often the 1:2 year flood flow return level. In inland lakes, wetlands or marine environments it refers to those parts of the water body bed and banks that are frequently flooded by water so as to leave a mark on the land and where the natural vegetation changes from predominately aquatic vegetation to terrestrial vegetation (excepting water tolerant species). For reservoirs this refers to normal high operating levels (Full Supply Level).

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