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Summary Report - 2006 DFO Baseline Opinion - Survey of Coastal, Northern, Freshwater and Inland Residents in Canada
Conducted for
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
FP825-050022/001/CY POR-318-05
June 8, 2006
LES ÉTUDES DE MARCHÉ CRÉATEC +
206 avenue des Pins East - Montreal (Québec) H2W 1P1
Tel.: (514) 844-1127 - Fax: (514) 288-3194
Email: info@createc.ca / Web Site: www.createc.ca
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2. Profile of the target audience
6. Perceived sustainability of fishing sectors
7. Trade-offs between environmental versus economic and social considerations
8. Trade-offs worth making to protect fish
9. Beliefs about the management of fish populations and habitats
10. Beliefs about regulation and enforcement
11. Beliefs about the safety of Canada’s waters
13. Self-assessed levels of scientific knowledge
14. Attitudes toward fish farming
15. Attitudes toward Aboriginal fishing communities
16. Personal involvement and propensity to act
17. Communications about DFO and what Canada does
19. Trust in information providers
20. Information on government programs related to fisheries and oceans
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. Background and methodology
This executive summary presents only the key findings of the 2006 DFO baseline public opinion survey of coastal, northern, freshwater, and inland residents in Canada.
- The survey is based on telephone interviews conducted by Créatec with a representative sample of 2,604 Canadians (18 years and older), between February 16 and March 19, 2006.
The overall purpose of the survey was to provide the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) with quantitative data about the factors shaping public opinions and perceptions on issues relevant to its policies and communications.
- Without a baseline understanding of audience perceptions of the Department and key issues under its mission, DFO’s initiatives and communications cannot take into account existing public concerns, expectations and knowledge levels.
- More precisely, a new baseline public opinion survey was necessary:
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to provide a quantitative assessment of public opinion factors and information needs of Canadians that DFO has qualitatively explored over the past two years; and,
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to provide an integrated, strategic assessment of DFO audiences given the many changes that have occurred in DFO’s external and internal environments since the last benchmark study (2001).
To allow more flexibility in the analysis of views of Canadians most affected and most likely to be involved with DFO’s Strategic Plan related issues, a new sampling framework was designed. Instead of using standard provincial / territorial stratifications, a new geographic stratification was defined based on proximity / distance to bodies of saltwater and freshwater. In addition, the new stratification ensured that the total sample included sufficient numbers of Canadians more directly affected by DFO’s Strategic Plan.
Consequently, the following 5 geographic groups / target audiences were used in sampling the general public and in reporting findings:
- West and east coast respondents - were defined as those living within 50 km of a body of saltwater and not located in northern Canada (referred to as coastal or west/ east coast residents in the report);
- Freshwater respondents - were defined as those living within 10 km of a lake or river and farther than 50 km from a body of saltwater, and not located in northern Canada (referred to as freshwater residents in the report);
- Northern respondents - were defined as those living in the 10 census divisions which constitute northern Canada (referred to as Northern residents in the report); and,
- Inland respondents - were defined as those not included in the above geographic groups (not living close to coasts, lakes or rivers, and not living in northern Canada -referred to as inland residents in the report).
The sampling process started with an initial stratification / grouping of census divisions1 to approximate the definition of the targeted audiences. A non-proportional random digit dialling procedure was applied in each of 4 initial stratums (freshwater and inland audiences could not be initially distinguished, therefore, census divisions in central Canada were used as their initial proxy).
- Respondents were then asked to name their location and describe its distance from the ocean, saltwater coast, freshwater lake or river (except those living in the North, for which this criterion did not apply). Their answers were used to validate their initial classification and identify freshwater vs. inland residents.
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Results of these validations indicated that the initial stratification of census divisions closely approximated the distance criterion set in the definition of the target audiences; overall, only 1 percent of all respondents had to be reclassified into a target audience different from what was expected from their census division stratum.
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Therefore, the initial grouping of census divisions used in the sampling approach was a good proxy of the target audiences.
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Note that throughout the report, findings always refer to geographic groups/ target audiences as defined and validated by their distance from saltwater/freshwater bodies, mirroring census divisions stratums in 99% of the cases.
- To compensate for over-sampling of coastal and northern residents, and to allow for descriptive statistics that apply to the entire general public, weights were assigned to individual respondents based on the proportion of respondents that would be expected given census data for each census division.
The following table shows the distribution of the number of completed interviews by target audiences, with their unweighted and weighted representation in the total sample.
Representation of target audiences in the completed sample before and after weighting
| Target audiences |
Number of respondents N |
Unweighted % |
Weighted % |
|---|---|---|---|
| West coast | 602 | 23 | 10 |
| East coast | 663 | 25 | 9 |
| Northern | 301 | 12 | 1 |
| Freshwater | 669 | 26 | 51 |
| Inland | 369 | 14 | 29 |
| TOTAL | 2,604 | 100 | 100 |
The next table details the number of completed interviews by provinces / territories and target audiences, to give a better idea of where residents in the segments analyzed in this survey came from.
Weighted representation of provinces / territories in the target audiences
| Provinces / Territories |
TOTAL 100% |
West Coast (10%)* |
East Coast (9%) |
Northern (1%) |
Freshwater (51%) |
Inland (29%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B.C. |
641 (13%)** |
602 (100%) |
0 | 0 |
32 (5%) |
7 (2%) |
| Prairies |
205 (17%) |
0 | 0 |
3 (3%) |
99 (16%) |
103 (29%) |
| Ontario |
630 (38%) |
0 | 0 |
180 (51%)*** |
290 (47%) |
160 (47%) |
| Quebec |
476 (24%) |
0 |
124 (18%) |
32 (14%) |
227 (31%) |
93 (22%) |
| Atlantic |
566 (8%) |
0 |
539 (82%) |
0 |
21 (1%) |
6 (<1%) |
| Territories |
86 (<1%) |
0 | 0 |
86 (32%) |
0 | 0 |
| TOTAL |
2,604 (100%) |
602 100% |
663 (100%) |
301 100% |
669 100% |
369 100% |
Numbers of completed interviews (bolded) are raw numbers, not affected by weighting. Percentages are weighted percentages. Weighting was required to compensate for over-sampling of coastal and northern residents. Always use weighted percentages when extrapolating findings to the entire general public.
* Read: West coast residents account for 10% of the total (weighted) sample.
* * Read: Residents from B.C. account for 13% of the total (weighted) sample.
* ** Read: 51% of northern residents (weighted sub-sample) are from Ontario.
A comprehensive questionnaire (26 minutes) was drafted in close consultation with various representatives from DFO and fully pre-tested in both official languages. It was built from previous qualitative and quantitative studies conducted by DFO and a literature review.
- Despite the lengthiness of the questionnaire (26 minutes), the achieved response rate calculated according to AIRMS standards was high (51 percent).
- The high level of participation of residents contacted can be explained by their high degree of interest in the survey topics.
- While some parts of the new questionnaire were built from previous benchmark studies, retrospective analysis was not possible due to different questionnaires, question wordings and measurement scales.
The sampling approach and comprehensive questionnaire used provides a new framework for DFO to define future public opinion research needs, and on this basis, a formula for conducting a longer term longitudinal analysis of Canadians’ perceptions, attitudes, and interest in fisheries and oceans related issues, including impressions of DFO and the Canadian Coast Guard (CCG).
The margin of sampling error for the entire sample was plus or minus 1.9 percentage points. However, note that results from any survey contain other types of potential error, such as coverage error, measurement error, and non-response error. Sampling error is the only type of error that can be measured easily and with accuracy.
- Also note that public opinion surveys cannot be exact measures of perceptions, but only approximations at a certain point in time.
For the most part, in the report, we focussed on summarizing key patterns and differences between the 5 geographic groups/target audiences, as defined by their proximity/distance from saltwater or freshwater bodies: west coast, east coast, northern, freshwater and inland residents.
- All figures are based on the weighted sample. Percentages over .5 are rounded up.
2. Profile of the target audience
After weighting to compensate for over-sampling, findings of this survey indicated that of all adult Canadians:
- 19 percent are coastal residents – living within 50 km of a body of saltwater and not living in northern Canada:
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10 percent are living on the west coast; and,
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9 percent are living on the east coast.
Extrapolated to population figures, coastal residents represent nearly 4.4 million adult Canadians.
- 51 percent are freshwater residents - living within 10 km of a lake or river, farther than 50 km from a coastal area and not living in northern Canada.
-
Extrapolated to population figures, freshwater residents represent nearly 11.8 million adult Canadians.
- 29 percent are inland residents - not living close to coastal or freshwater areas or in northern Canada.
-
Extrapolated to population figures, inland residents represent nearly 6.7 million adult Canadians.
- 1 percent are northern residents – living in the 10 census divisions used by Statistics Canada to define northern Canada, whether or not they were living close to coastal or freshwater areas.
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Extrapolated to population figures, northern residents represent nearly 230,000 adult Canadians.
Of all adult Canadians, 15 percent are living near or are a user of a commercial fishing harbour, more likely coastal residents (44 percent) than non-coastal residents (10 percent).
- Extrapolated to population figures, it is estimated that nearly 3.45 million adult Canadians are living near or are a user of a commercial fishing harbour.
Of all adult Canadians, 42 percent visited a coastal or freshwater area in Canada, at least several times a month, in the last 12 months.
- Only 26 percent of all respondents said they had never visited such areas in the last year.
Of all adult Canadians, 3 percent have their family involved in fish processing or the commercial fishing industry and 2 percent have their family involved in shipping, offshore oil and gas, or other marine industries.
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Extrapolated to population figures, it is estimated that approximately 100,000 adult Canadians have their family involved in fish processing, the commercial fishing industry, offshore oil and gas, or other marine industries.
- East coast residents were most likely to say that their family was involved in fish processing or the commercial fishing sector (12 percent) or in shipping, offshore oil and gas (5 percent).
Of all adult Canadians, 8 percent are members of a conservation or environmental organization and 5 percent are members of a commercial / recreational fishing or boating association.
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Extrapolated to population figures, it is estimated that nearly 1.85 million adult Canadians are members of a conservation or environmental organization and 1.15 million are members of a commercial / recreational fishing or boating association.
- West coast residents were more likely (12 percent) to be members of a conservation or environmental organization, and inland respondents were the least likely (4 percent).
Of all adult Canadians, 5 percent are of Aboriginal descent, mainly residents in northern areas (14 percent).
- Extrapolated to population figures, it is estimated that nearly 1.15 million adult Canadians are of Aboriginal descent.
West coast and east coast respondents differed significantly in terms of education level.
- West coast residents tended to have the highest levels of education among residents in this survey, while east coast respondents tended to have the lowest levels of education.
3. Perceptions of DFO
Overall, the survey confirmed that a large majority of the Canadian public is not familiar with the kind of work being done and the responsibilities of DFO.
- Only 34 percent of the total sample acknowledged being very (5 percent) or somewhat (29 percent) familiar with what DFO does.
- West coast residents were the most likely to be familiar with what DFO does (57 percent), followed by east coast (44 percent) and northern (42 percent) residents.
- Freshwater (33 percent) and inland respondents (26 percent) were least familiar with the work of DFO.
There was no correlation between familiarity with what DFO does and education or working status but the correlation was strong with gender and language.
- Men (41 percent) and Anglophones (39 percent) were much more likely than women (28 percent) and Francophones (19 percent) to report being familiar with DFO.
While familiarity with the work performed by DFO was relatively low, a majority of respondents (59 percent) claimed they already knew, before the survey, that the main role of DFO is to ensure the sustainable development (SD) of Canada’s oceans and waterways.
- West coast residents (75 percent) were much more likely to acknowledge that they already knew that SD is the main role of DFO.
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The lowest level of prior knowledge of the SD mission of DFO was found among inland residents (53 percent).
When asked about their overall impression of the work being done by DFO, respondents’ perceptions tended to be positive, but with neither firm positive nor firm negative opinions. In addition, a significant minority (21 percent) of respondents said they were too unfamiliar with the work of DFO to provide an opinion.
- Of those who provided a rating on the 0-10 scale used, half gave a rating of 5 or higher, for a mean rating of 5.4.
- The highest mean rating (5.8) was from northern residents and the lowest (4.9) from west coast residents.
In addition to overall impressions, other questions helped to gauge general attitudes toward DFO.
When asked how confident they were that high level scientific research is being conducted at DFO to monitor and promote the health of fish stocks and the marine environment, a strong majority of respondents rated their level of confidence quite high.
- Of those who provided a rating (88 percent), half gave a score of 7 or higher, for a mean rating of 6.3.
Respondents were further probed on their impressions of the work being done by DFO in commercial fishing harbours and on their impressions of the decisions being made by DFO in relation to sustainable development. Their answers confirmed that the general public’s attitude toward DFO is positive.
- Of all respondents, 60 percent had a favourable impression of the work being done by DFO in commercial fishing harbours; only 15 percent had an unfavourable opinion.
- Of all respondents, 70 percent had a favourable impression of DFO’s ability to balance the needs of the environment with the economic and social needs of Canadians; only 19 percent had an unfavourable opinion.
- Even among west coast residents who reported the least favourable impressions, a majority expressed favourable opinions toward the use of scientific research at DFO, its work in commercial fishing harbours, and decisions being made by DFO in relation to SD.
While past qualitative research has reported that the Canadian public is not very knowledgeable about oceans and fisheries issues, the survey results showed that Canadians have nonetheless quite well defined opinions on these issues, including DFO’s guiding principles when making decisions.
To illustrate, respondents were asked a series of statements about how DFO works and the values it applies when making decisions. Non-responses to these statements were relatively low and even when non-responses were included in the calculations, perceptions tended to be quite positive. Of all respondents:
- 83 percent believed that DFO cares about the future of fish stocks.
- 70 percent believed that DFO uses the best scientific data to make licensing, regulation and enforcement decisions.
- 69 percent trusted DFO to fairly balance multiple and sometimes conflicting interests when making decisions.
- 65 percent believed that DFO is sensitive to the needs of economically depressed coastal areas in Canada.
Although west coast respondents tended, once again, to be less positive toward DFO than any other geographic group, the majority expressed positive opinions about the guiding principles of DFO.
Overall, these results suggest that, while familiarity with what DFO does is somewhat low, impressions of the Department’s performance and its decisions are positive.
- Note that Francophones had consistently and significantly much more positive impressions about DFO than Anglophones and that west coast residents had much less positive impressions than any other geographic group.
4. Perceptions of the CCG
The survey showed that Canadians have very positive perceptions about the CCG and feel familiar with the job it does.
Respondents were asked to rate the job being done by the CCG, presented as an Agency within DFO, in fulfilling each of three key responsibilities: a) providing a national presence in Canadian territorial waters; b) reducing risk to persons and property in Canada’s maritime domain; and, c) patrolling Canada’s waterways and enforcing fisheries regulations.
- Only a minority (8-15 percent) felt too unfamiliar to rate the job being done by the CCG in these three areas.
Of those who provided a rating on the 0-10 scale used, half gave a rating of 7 or higher on all three key responsibilities, with little difference between each area of responsibility.
- The lowest ratings (but still positive for the majority of respondents) were from west coast residents.
- As was also the case for DFO, Francophones were more likely than Anglophones to express positive perceptions toward the CCG.
- Note that impressions of the CCG were statistically the same regardless of education level, as was the case for impressions of DFO.
In addition to perceptions of performance, other questions helped gauge the general attitude toward the CCG.
Respondents were asked to rate their confidence in the ability of the CCG to provide good service in seven areas2. Ratings were largely positive, for all services listed in the survey. Even among west coast residents, who tended to be consistently the least positive, confidence in the CCG was quite high.
- Overall, non-response was low, except for "Ice breaking" and "Marine communications and traffic services", for which a sizeable minority did not provide a rating (23 percent and 17 percent respectively).
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West coast residents were particularly unfamiliar with ice breaking services provided by the CCG: 44 percent did not rate their confidence in this service because they were too unfamiliar.
Overall, of those who provided a rating, half gave a confidence score of 8 or higher for the following services:
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Marine search and rescue;
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Emergency environmental response (oil spills);
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Aids to navigation; and,
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Ice breaking.
Two services received a lower, but still quite positive rating. Of those who provided a rating, half gave a confidence score of 7 or higher to:
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Waterways management; and,
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Support of Canada’s maritime priorities (such as marine security).
Overall, west coast residents had the least positive ratings, and east coast residents the most positive.
- The largest contrast between west and east coast residents’ ratings was for "Ice breaking" services.
Once again, the largest demographic difference worthy of mention was for language.
- Francophones consistently had more confidence in the ability of the CCG to provide good service than Anglophones.
5. First priority for DFO
Respondents were asked how they would prioritize six important goals for DFO3. The survey validates findings from previous qualitative research and suggests that respondents tend to favour a balanced or "common sense" approach which takes into account several aspects:
- None of the 6 goals assessed were recognized as a first priority by more than 30 percent of respondents.
- 3 goals garnered support at almost similar levels (20-30 percent as a first priority):
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Protecting and conserving fish stocks (30 percent);
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Applying effective regulations to protect fish and fish habitats (25 percent); and,
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Protecting the livelihood of fishers and people who depend on the oceans for a living (20 percent).
The findings also suggest that while "protection" seems to be an overarching role of DFO, predominance should be given to the protection of fish over people who depend on fish for their livelihood.
6. Perceived sustainability of fishing sectors
Sustainable development (SD) was defined to respondents as "the careful and responsible use of Canada’s oceans and freshwater resources, so that future generations will be able to continue using them".
As reported previously:
- A majority (59 percent) of all respondents acknowledged being aware before the survey that SD is the main role of DFO.
- Most respondents (70 percent) had a favourable impression of decisions being made by DFO in relation to SD (balancing the needs of the environment with the economic and social needs of Canadians, including fishing communities).
For each of the four main fishing sectors in Canada, respondents were asked to provide an opinion on their level of sustainability4. Respondents’ views suggest that:
- All four fishing sectors are perceived as currently operating in a sustainable way, by a majority of respondents.
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Note that respondents were the least familiar with fish farming (19 percent did not know enough about fish farming to provide an opinion about its current sustainability).
- The sustainability of the commercial fishing sector and also traditional fishing by Aboriginals elicited more concern than fish farming and recreational fishing.
There were significant differences between some target audiences. This suggests that the general public is a diverse audience.
- Views of west coast respondents were perfectly split on the current sustainability of the fish farming sector, and they were the least confident about its current sustainability. In contrast, more than twice as many respondents from other groups felt that this sector is currently sustainable, with east coast residents the most likely to feel confident. These findings mirror qualitative research conducted by DFO in 2005 suggesting that attitudes toward aquaculture are more negative in the West, become more neutral in Central Canada and Quebec, to positive in the East.
Coastal (east and west) and freshwater respondents were split on the current sustainability of the commercial and traditional fishing sectors. In comparison, much fewer northern and inland residents had concerns about the current sustainability of these fishing sectors.
7. Trade-offs between environmental versus economic and social considerations
The survey also measured the values and preferences of the general public with regard to "Fisheries and Oceans decisions that require difficult trade-offs between environmental versus economic and social priorities."
Respondents were asked where they would like the government’s priority to be, as follows:
- "highest priority to protecting the environment even if there are negative consequences for the economic and social well-being of people;
- highest priority to preserving the social and economic well-being of people even if there are negative environmental consequences; or,
- environmental and social and economic factors should be given equal weight."
A scale of -5 through 0 to +5 was used, to indicate a preference respectively, 0 being the third response. The sides the question were systematically rotated between respondents, with the -5 and +5 scale side meanings reversed to reduce response-bias.
Findings show that each version of our question had a very significant influence on responses elicited, which suggest that any question asking respondents to assign a preference for environment versus economic issues may yield unreliable results under certain circumstances, context or position in a questionnaire, and that their results should be interpreted with great caution.
Regardless of scale placement, more weight was given to the environment, at the expense of economic / social considerations. The averaged results obtained in regard to this question were as follows:
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70 percent of all respondents provided a response indicating that a trade-off has to be made (30 percent did not want any trade-off to be made and opted completely for one or the other consideration - environment or economic / social).
- Environmental considerations outweighed economic / social ones for 45 percent of all respondents (including 22 percent who opted completely for environmental considerations).
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In all groups, more weight was placed on the environmental side, especially on the west coast (53 percent).
- Economic / social considerations outweighed environmental ones for 16 percent of all respondents (including 7 percent who opted completely for economic / social considerations).
- A perfect balance (equal weight) was preferred by 38 percent of all respondents.
8. Trade-offs worth making to protect fish
The survey revealed that the general public from all parts of the country are willing to make some sacrifices to support the protection of fish. These findings confirm that the protection of fish – ascribed as a top priority for DFO earlier in the questionnaire – is also a priority that involves Canadians not only as citizens but also as consumers to the point where they are willing to entertain some specific trade-offs or sacrifices.
Respondents were asked for their support of, or opposition to, three measures aimed at protecting fish, considering the negative impact these measures may have on consumer prices or employment in the fisheries industry.5
- Of all respondents, a strong majority said they would support the following measures, even if it means "consumers may pay more for fish" or there may be "fewer jobs in the fisheries:"
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Limit commercial fishing to protect fishing grounds for the future (87-71 percent supportive);
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Take stronger measures to reduce accidentally catching fish that should be protected (82-69 percent supportive).
- Of all respondents, a strong majority said they would support "stronger measures to protect endangered salmon in the west and east coast rivers of Canada", even if it means:
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Consumers may pay more for electricity as a result of the use of dams (68 percent); or,
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Fewer opportunities for commercial and recreational fisheries (78 percent).
- West coast residents were more likely to support any measure proposed in the survey to protect fish.
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East coast residents were supportive as well but to a lesser extent than in the West, especially when measures meant fewer jobs or opportunities.
9. Beliefs about the management of fish populations and habitats
While the general public strongly believed that overfishing is threatening Canada’s supply of seafood, respondents also believed that there is still room for increased economic development of Canada’s oceans without seriously damaging the environment.
The survey also showed that a majority of respondents have favourable perceptions of the management of fish populations, habitats and the protection of aquatic species at risk of extinction, in Canada.
Of all respondents:
- 83 percent agreed with the statement that "overfishing is threatening Canada’s supply of seafood" (11 percent disagreed).
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East coast residents were the most concerned about the threat of overfishing (87 percent agreed).
- 62 percent agreed that there is still "room for increased economic development of Canada’s oceans without seriously damaging the environment" (28 percent disagreed).
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While east coast residents were more likely to agree with this statement (69 percent agreed), a majority of west coast residents (53 percent) also agreed.
- 64 percent agreed that "ecologically important fish habitats in Canada are being protected and preserved" (26 percent disagreed).
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Although less likely than other groups to believe the statement, a majority of west coast residents also agreed (55 percent agreed / 37 percent disagreed).
- 61 percent agreed that "Canada is adequately protecting aquatic species at risk of extinction" (27 percent disagreed).
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Although less likely to believe the statement, a majority of west coast residents also agreed (52 percent / 37 percent disagreed).
- 55 percent believed that "fish populations and stocks are being properly managed in Canada" (34 percent disagreed).
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This was a statement where more west coast residents disagreed (52 percent) than agreed (42 percent), in contrast with the general agreement observed elsewhere.
10. Beliefs about regulation and enforcement
Respondents were presented with two statements about regulation and enforcement, and asked whether they agreed with them.
Of all respondents:
- 62 percent believed that "Canada is doing what it can to fight illegal fishing by vessels from foreign countries" (29 percent disagreed).
-
A majority of all groups agreed.
- 58 percent believed that "there is enough regulation and control on commercial fishing in Canada’s waters" (31 percent disagreed).
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A majority of all groups agreed, although east coast respondents were less likely to agree (41 percent disagreed).
11. Beliefs about the safety of Canada’s waters
A large majority of all groups believed that Canada’s waters are safe for navigation and that the system of harbours in Canada is adequate for the safety of commercial fishermen.
Of all respondents:
- 88 percent agreed with the statement "Canada’s waters are accessible and safe for navigation" (4 percent disagreed).
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This was one of the strongest consensuses among all groups.
- 63 percent agreed that "there is an adequate system of harbours in Canada to provide a safe haven for commercial fishermen" (12 percent disagreed).
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East coast residents were more likely to believe this statement.
12. Science at DFO
Most respondents were confident about the conduct and use of scientific research at DFO.
When asked to rate their confidence that DFO conducts high-level scientific research to monitor and promote the health of fish stocks and the marine environment, of those who gave a rating (88 percent) on the 0-10 scale used, half gave a score of 7 or higher.
70 percent of all respondents agreed with the statement "DFO uses the best scientific data to make licensing, regulation and enforcement decisions".
- West coast residents were less likely to feel confident about the conduct and use of scientific research at DFO, and Francophones were much more likely to feel confident.
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For example, 56 percent of west coast residents agreed with the statement that "DFO uses the best scientific data to make licensing, regulation and enforcement decisions" (the lowest agreement level of all groupings), whereas 80 percent of Francophones agreed (the highest agreement level of all groupings).
13. Self-assessed levels of scientific knowledge
The survey revealed that the general public knows relatively little about science in relation to oceans, coasts, freshwaters, fish farming or technologies about safety / security.
However, self-assessed levels of knowledge were quite different between geographic groups.
- Coastal residents, especially west coast residents, were most likely to claim higher levels of knowledge about science related to:
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Fish farming;
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Fish and fish habitats; and,
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Oceans.
- Northern residents felt the most informed about science related to lakes and rivers, more so than freshwater residents.
In addition, Francophones were consistently much less likely to feel informed on all the science related areas surveyed than any other group.
-
For example, 18 percent of Francophones felt informed about science related to oceans, compared to 33 percent of other respondents.
14. Attitudes toward fish farming
Note that in line with preferences expressed in recent qualitative research conducted by DFO, aquaculture was generically referred to in all survey questions as "fish farming" and "shellfish farming".
Except on the west coast, the survey revealed that attitudes toward fish farming are overwhelmingly positive.
- West coast respondents were generally split or consistently indicated more skepticism than any other group, especially about regulation and control, and the sustainability of this fisheries sector.
- In fact, fish farming was the topic where west coast residents held the most divergent points of view, when compared to other groups of people, especially east coast residents.
Of all respondents:
- 72 percent said they supported the practice of fish farming in Canada, with only 12 percent opposing it and 16 percent being too unfamiliar to provide an opinion.
- 75 percent believed that fish farming is a good way to reduce the harvesting pressure on wild stocks (13 percent disagreed and 12 percent had no opinion).
- 57 percent believed that the fish farming industry is well regulated and controlled (17 percent disagreed and 26 percent had no opinion).
The most likely to support the practice of fish farming in Canada were east coast residents (80 percent) and the least likely were west coast residents (47 percent).
Francophones were much more positive or hopeful toward fish farming than their Anglophone counterparts.
15. Attitudes toward Aboriginal fishing communities
While a sizeable minority had concerns about the sustainability of Aboriginal traditional fishing activities, most respondents were receptive to the idea that "Canada must make room for Aboriginals in economic activities related to fishing and fish farming".
However, when asked if they support or oppose "the practice of providing Aboriginal communities with commercial licences that the government buys from fishermen who voluntarily retire", coastal and non-coastal respondents had a somewhat different reaction, and findings suggest that this practice is only mildly supported or controversial.
- A slight majority of non-coastal residents supported this practice and coastal residents (west and east) were split.
Overall, respondents tended to moderately trust what Aboriginals may say to influence the future of Canada’s fishing and marine industries: they were considered credible by half of all respondents (51 percent), a moderate level similar to governmental providers (57 percent).
16. Personal involvement and propensity to act
The survey found Canadians have a strong propensity to personally engage in acts to protect the resources of Canada’s oceans, bays, coastal areas, lakes and rivers.
The findings confirmed that although the general public has a superficial understanding of fisheries and oceans issues (as revealed by previous qualitative research) these issues are nonetheless highly relevant topics that involve Canadians.
Respondents were presented with four possible actions they could personally take, if they knew it would help protect Canada’s marine resources.6 The scale used to measure their propensity to act or support was: very willing, somewhat willing, not very willing, or not at all willing.
- A large majority said they were at least "somewhat" willing to take or support any of the actions presented. West coast residents tended to be the most "willing" of all groups of people.
- The proportion of "very" willing respondents is usually considered a better indicator of the "real" propensity to act. However, even when this more conservative indicator was taken into account, findings showed that in all parts of the country the general public is receptive to being mobilized or "called up" to take action, if convinced that their actions would help protect Canada’s marine resources.
-
59 percent of all respondents were "very" willing to consume less of certain fish species to protect them.
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43 percent of all respondents were "very" willing to support government regulation restricting the use of oceans, lakes and rivers.
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38 percent of all respondents were "very" willing to support the use of public money for science research and monitoring of Canada’s waterways.
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31 percent of all respondents were "very" willing to support local efforts to reduce business and economic development of coastal areas and bays.
Note that there was no correlation between the propensity to act and the perception that there are problems in oceans, bays, coasts, lakes and rivers in one’s area that could affect them or their family. This observation suggests that personal engagement is more driven by personal values than by awareness or experience of problems in one’s area.
- Of all respondents, 41 percent felt that there are problems in oceans, bays, coasts, lakes and rivers in their areas that could affect them or their family.
Note also that there was no correlation between propensity to act and beliefs about the safety of the fish Canadians eat.
- 77 percent of all Canadians believed that the fish caught in the wild or farmed in Canada is safe to eat, 15 percent did not believe it and 9 percent couldn’t say.
17. Communications about DFO and what Canada does
Half of all respondents claimed to have seen, heard or read something about DFO over the past year.
- Coastal residents (65 percent) were more likely to have noticed something about DFO.
However, when asked about what Canada does in each of five strategic areas (see list below), recall levels were much lower. Between 26 to 34 percent of all respondents claimed to have seen, heard or read "a great deal" or a "moderate amount" about the:
- Management of Canada’s fishing and fish farming industry in a sustainable way (26 percent);
- Sustainable development of Canada’s waters (28 percent);
- Safety of the fish Canadians eat (32 percent);
- Protection of Canada’s fish and other marine species at risk (33 percent);
- Security and safety of Canada’s waterways (34 percent).
Note that west coast residents had consistently much higher recall levels than any other group. For example, about half of them claimed to have noticed something about the sustainable management of Canada’s fishing and fish farming industry, and the protection of Canada’s marine species at risk.
- Francophones reported the lowest recall levels, as well as younger respondents.
- There was little correlation between recall levels and education.
18. Sources of information
28 percent of all respondents claimed to have looked for information on topics related to fisheries and oceans, over the past year. The following groups of people were more likely to have looked for information:
- West coast residents (40 percent); and,
- Those with some university education (37 percent).
Internet-based sources (62 percent - unprompted) were, by far, the primary source of information used by those who looked for information.
- However, using the DFO website as a source of information received a low rating (9 percent). Note that only 11 percent indicated they had ever visited the DFO website.
- It was mainly Internet sources other than government sites that respondents used in the past year (52 percent).
- The second most often used source of information was print-related (36 percent), with magazines (15 percent) and newspapers (17 percent) at similar levels.
Internet-based sources were much more likely to have been used by younger respondents and those with some university education. Print-related sources were less likely to have been used by Francophones than Anglophones.
Scientists / academics sources (1 percent) were infrequently used, although these sources were perceived as the most credible.
19. Trust in information providers
A question was included which asked respondents to indicate how much trust they had in what various potential information providers may say to influence the future of Canada’s fishing and marine industries. The question used the following scale: a great deal of trust, a moderate amount of trust, little trust, or no trust at all.
The findings confirmed that Canadians prefer to rely on several providers, instead of just one, for getting fisheries and oceans information.
The least credible information providers were the journalists / the media and the fishing industry companies / processors: more respondents had "little" or "no trust at all" than a "moderate amount" or "a great deal" of trust in these information sources.
The most credible information providers were scientists / academics, non-governmental environmental / conservation groups, fishermen / fishing groups and local organizations/ people.
While people typically express concern and sometimes suspicion toward governmental representatives, the credibility of government in the context of fisheries and oceans emerged as being relatively high.
The following table summarizes the findings on the trustworthiness of various information providers.
Trust in information providers
| All figures based on total sample |
A great deal % |
A moderate amount % |
Total Trust % |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Scientists | 35 | 48 | 83 |
| 2. Academics | 23 | 49 | 72 |
| 3. Non-governmental environmental/ conservation groups | 20 | 49 | 69 |
| 4. Local organizations/people | 17 | 52 | 69 |
| 5. Fishermen/fishing groups | 16 | 50 | 66 |
| 6. Federal Minister of fisheries and oceans | 10 | 48 | 58 |
| 7. Government (federal, provincial or local) | 7 | 50 | 57 |
| 8. Aboriginals | 10 | 41 | 51 |
| 9. Provincial Minister – responsible for fisheries | 7 | 43 | 50 |
| 10. Journalists/the media | 5 | 39 | 44 |
| 11. Fishing industry companies and processors | 6 | 35 | 41 |
20. Information on government programs related to fisheries and oceans
Respondents were read a list of 7 program areas and for each one they were asked to assess their level of knowledge of, and their interest in, learning more about each one.7
Overall, very few respondents claimed to be "very" informed about these government programs. However, when "very" and "somewhat" responses were combined, self-assessed levels of knowledge on government programs related to fisheries and oceans achieved substantial levels, ranging from 29 percent (programs about coastal areas and bays) to 46 percent (programs about lakes and rivers).
- Coastal respondents were much more likely to feel informed than non-coastal residents.
- The following groups of people were also more likely to feel informed:
-
Anglophones;
-
Males; and,
-
Older respondents.
When asked about their interest in learning more about the various government programs mentioned, respondents expressed quite a high degree of interest, much higher than their self-assessed knowledge, which suggests high receptivity to communications about such government programs.
The following table summarizes the findings about knowledge and interest in 7 government programs related to fisheries and oceans.
Knowledge of some Government Programs and interest to learn more
| All figures based on total sample |
Self-assessed knowledge* % |
Interest to learn more** % |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Oceans | 32 | 67 |
| 2. Coastal areas and bays | 29 | 62 |
| 3. Lakes and rivers | 46 | 75 |
| 4. Fish habitats | 39 | 69 |
| 5. Fishing industry as a whole | 39 | 64 |
| 6. Farming of fish and shellfish | 31 | 60 |
| 7. Safe use of waterways | 44 | 70 |
* "Very" or "somewhat" informed ratings are combined.
** "Very" or "somewhat" interested in learning more are combined.
In order to determine which program areas best represented opportunities for communications, quadrant analyses were performed whereby self-assessed levels of knowledge and levels of interest in learning more were related. Findings indicate that the general public is a diverse audience and that only some programs are appropriate for mass communications, others being more appropriate for regionalized communications.
- The best opportunities for mass communications were the following program areas:
-
Lakes and rivers;
-
Fish habitats; and,
-
Safe use of waterways.
21. Concluding remarks
Findings from the survey provided an overall picture of Canadians’ attitudes and beliefs on a wide range of key fisheries and oceans issues. They confirmed that even if the general public is not very familiar with what DFO does and its responsibilities, they generally have a keen interest and high degree of involvement in DFO strategic areas, and a generally positive perception of the Department.
- Findings of this survey confirmed that the general public is very receptive to communications about fisheries and oceans topics.
However, this survey showed that the general public is a diverse audience that varies widely in terms of their "fisheries" literacy and their views on some important issues.
Overall, findings indicated that the general public is, at the very least, comprised of three distinct audiences: west coast residents, east coast residents and non-coastal residents (with freshwater, inland and northern residents sharing enough similarities of opinion to be part of the same non-coastal segment). Findings also indicated that Francophones tend to share the most optimistic views of all groups in the survey.
To help illustrate the uniqueness of the 5 audiences / segments analyzed in this baseline survey, and understand why some of them can safely be regrouped in the same segment if a particular initiative requires a simplified segmentation scheme, we performed a correspondence analysis between some selected key findings and the 5 target audiences in the survey.8 It is used in this study essentially for descriptive purposes (mapping ability) to make it easier to understand the uniqueness of the 5 audiences / segments of Canadians used to define the sampling framework of this baseline survey.
Results shown on the following map confirm or reveal:
- West coast residents are the most distinct audience, in "opposition" to all others, on the main horizontal axis.
The first axis refers to Informedness – a factor regrouping respondents’ views of information sources, their usage of information sources and their self-assessed levels of information. It was the most important factor, explaining 71% of the total variance in the map.
- West coast and east coast residents are the two most contrasting groups in the survey, mainly because of their different points of view on fish farming, different levels of confidence in DFO and government, different levels of trust in some information providers, different values regarding environmental vs. economic/social considerations and their different propensity to look for information.
East coast residents have a unique position on the second axis.
The second axis refers to Trustworthiness – a factor regrouping trust-related aspects such as trust in industry and fishermen sources, and confidence in DFO making decisions using the best scientific data. It was a significant factor, explaining 17% of the total variance in the map. - Inland and freshwater residents can easily be regrouped to form one target audience, because they share many similarities when compared to the other groups, on both axes.
- Northern residents could be included with any group (at the center of the map), but we think they would fit better with inland and freshwater residents (to form the non-coastal audience), because a large majority of them are living close to a lake or river.
- Non-coastal residents have the most positive views toward the sustainability of the fisheries and DFO in relation to SD, especially Francophone non-coastal residents.
[ CLICK ON GRAPHIC TO ENLARGE IT ]
CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS OF SELECTED FINDINGS
APPENDIX - QUESTIONNAIRE
CRÉATEC +
Project: 763-006
February 2006
Final
26 minutes
INTRODUCTION SCREENER
Hello, my name is _____________ and I am with the Créatec research team. I’m calling about a survey being conducted for the Government of Canada. We are collecting opinions from Canadians across the country including those who live in areas close to lakes, rivers and coasts and we would appreciate your feedback.
Your household was randomly selected and I want to assure you that your answers will be kept strictly confidential.
The survey will take about 20 minutes of your time.
This survey is registered with the national survey registration system (www.csrc.ca).
Qa. To start, please tell me how many people 18 YEARS of age or older live at this residence?
| None....... | CONCLUDE |
| One ....... | ASK TO TALK TO HIM / HER IF AVAILABLE OR MAKE AN APPOINTMENT |
| Two....... | ASK Qb |
| Three and over ....... | |
| Refusal ....... | REASSURE RESPONDENT WITHOUT ANNOYING HIM/HER. IF NOT INTERESTED, CONCLUDE |
Qb. Among all the people 18 YEARS of age or older living at this residence, what is the first name of the person who has had the most recent birthday?
________________________ ASK TO TALK TO HIM/HER
| Accepts....... | |
| Not available....... | MAKE AN APPOINTMENT |
| Refuses....... | REASSURE OR CONCLUDE |
Qc. Do you or does anyone in your household work for an advertising or market research firm, the media, or an elected official?
| Yes....... | THANK AND CONCLUDE |
| No....... | CONTINUE |
Qd. To help me assign your opinions to the correct location, do you live in (Read name of location)?
| Yes....... | CONTINUE |
| No....... | THANK AND CONCLUDE |
Providing your opinion is completely voluntary. Your decision to participate in this study will not affect any dealings you may have or will have with the government. All the information you provide will be kept anonymous and will be reported as part of overall statistics only. This information is being collected under the guidelines of the Privacy Act.
1. DFO AWARENESS AND UNDERSTANDINGMy first questions are about your familiarity with certain organisations and what you think of them.
Q1. Overall, how familiar are you with the kind of work being done and the responsibilities of the federal department in charge of fisheries and oceans, named Fisheries and Oceans Canada? Would you say you are very, somewhat, not very, or not at all familiar with what this federal department does?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very familiar | 5 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 |
| Somewhat familiar | 29 | 48 | 38 | 36 | 28 | 22 |
| Not very familiar | 35 | 30 | 31 | 28 | 37 | 34 |
| Not at all familiar | 30 | 13 | 24 | 30 | 30 | 39 |
| Can’t say / Dk/Na | <1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | <1 | 1 |
Q2. Regardless of your level of familiarity, how would you rate the job being done by Fisheries and Oceans Canada, using a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 means a very poor job and 10 means an excellent job? (You can give any number between 0 and 10)
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 5.4 | 4.9 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 5.7 |
| Standard deviation | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 |
| Median | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6 |
| No opinion / too unfamiliar | 20 | 11 | 14 | 21 | 19 | 26 |
| Refused | 1 | <1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Q3. Fisheries and Oceans Canada works to ensure sustainable development in our oceans and waterways, which means careful and responsible use of Canada’s oceans and freshwater resources, so that future generations will be able to continue using them (repeat definition if required). Before this survey, would you say you knew that this was the mission and main role of Fisheries and Oceans Canada or not?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Knew before | 59 | 75 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 53 |
| Did not know before | 40 | 24 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 45 |
| Dk/Na | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about Fisheries and Oceans Canada or do you not have an opinion? (Read and rotate)
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Fisheries and Oceans Canada cares about the future of fish stocks | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree No opinion / Dk/Na |
40
43 7 4 6 |
38
40 11 9 3 |
38
44 8 5 5 |
43
42 6 3 6 |
43
42 7 4 5 |
38
46 5 3 8 |
| 2. I trust Fisheries and Oceans Canada to fairly balance multiple and sometimes conflicting interests when making decisions | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree No opinion / Dk/Na |
19
50 13 8 10 |
11
46 23 14 6 |
20
51 14 8 7 |
17
52 14 7 10 |
20
50 12 8 10 |
20
51 12 5 11 |
| 3. Fisheries and Oceans Canada uses the best scientific data to make licensing, regulation and enforcement decisions | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree No opinion / Dk/Na |
21
49 10 5 16 |
10
46 18 10 16 |
22
47 13 6 11 |
16
50 13 7 15 |
21
48 10 5 16 |
24
50 5 2 18 |
| 4. Fisheries and Oceans Canada decisions are not too much influenced by political considerations. | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree No opinion / Dk/Na |
9
29 29 21 12 |
7
20 34 30 10 |
9
31 30 20 11 |
9
26 28 23 15 |
8
31 31 19 10 |
10
29 24 20 16 |
| 5. Fisheries and Oceans Canada is sensitive to the needs of economically depressed coastal areas of Canada | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree No opinion / Dk/Na |
18
47 15 7 13 |
12
44 20 11 13 |
13
47 18 13 9 |
18
42 12 9 19 |
20
49 13 6 12 |
19
44 16 6 15 |
| 6. Fisheries and Oceans Canada is a world leader in sustainable development of fisheries, fish farming and other ocean resources | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree No opinion / Dk/Na |
18
48 12 4 17 |
13
39 19 15 15 |
21
49 12 4 14 |
20
44 12 2 22 |
17
51 12 3 17 |
21
46 10 3 20 |
Q5. On a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means not at all confident and 10 means totally confident, how much confidence do you have that Fisheries and Oceans Canada regularly conducts high level scientific research to monitor and promote the health of fish stocks and the marine environment? Or do you not know enough to say? (You can give any number between 0 and 10)
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 6.3 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.4 |
| Standard deviation | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Median | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Dk/Na | 12 | 9 | 13 | 17 | 11 | 14 |
Q6. What is your overall impression of the work that Fisheries and Oceans Canada does in coastal communities to keep commercial fishing harbours open and in good repair? Would you say very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, very unfavourable, are you indifferent towards this Program or do you not know enough to say?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very favourable | 10 | 5 | 12 | 16 | 9 | 13 |
| Somewhat favourable | 50 | 47 | 53 | 38 | 54 | 45 |
| Somewhat unfavourable | 12 | 17 | 16 | 13 | 10 | 12 |
| Very unfavourable | 3 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Indifferent | 7 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 7 | 9 |
| Dk/Na | 17 | 16 | 9 | 20 | 18 | 18 |
Q7. As you may know, the Canadian Coast Guard is an Agency within Fisheries and Oceans Canada. It provides a national presence in Canadian Territorial waters and acts to reduce risk to persons and property in Canada’s maritime domain. Using a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 means a very poor job and 10 means an excellent job, how would you rate the job being done by the Canadian Coast Guard in…? (Read and rotate)
1. Supporting national sovereignty through presence and action in Canadian territorial waters? (You can give any number between 0 and 10)
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 6.6 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.7 |
| Standard deviation | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.1 |
| Median | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| No opinion / too unfamiliar | 10 | 11 | 10 | 14 | 9 | 11 |
| Refused | 1 | 1 | <1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
2. Reducing and managing risk to persons and property in Canada’s maritime domain? (You can give any number between 0 and 10)
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 6.9 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.9 |
| Standard deviation | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.9 |
| Median | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| No opinion / too unfamiliar | 14 | 13 | 9 | 18 | 15 | 15 |
| Refused | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
3. Patrolling Canada’s waterways and enforcing fisheries regulations? (You can give any number between 0 and 10)
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 6.7 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.9 |
| Standard deviation | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.0 |
| Median | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| No opinion / too unfamiliar | 8 | 9 | 6 | 10 | 9 | 8 |
| Refused | <1 | 1 | <1 | 1 | <1 | <1 |
Q8. I’m going to ask you how confident you feel about the Canadian Coast Guard’s ability to do a good job in providing the following services. (READ AND ROTATE) Using a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is not at all confident and 10 is very confident, how much confidence do you have in the Canadians Coast Guard’s ability to deliver these services, or do you not know enough to say?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Marine search and rescue | ||||||
|
Mean
Standard deviation Median Dk/Na |
7.8
1.8 8 6 |
7.5
1.9 8 4 |
8.1
1.7 8 5 |
7.6
2.2 8 9 |
7.8
1.8 8 6 |
7.8
1.9 8 5 |
| 2. Ice Breaking | ||||||
|
Mean
Standard deviation Median Dk/Na |
7.6
1.8 8 23 |
6.9
2.1 7 44 |
7.9
1.6 8 17 |
7.3
2.2 8 23 |
7.7
1.7 8 18 |
7.4
1.8 8 26 |
| 3. Marine Communications and Traffic Services | ||||||
|
Mean
Standard deviation Median Dk/Na |
7.5
1.7 8 17 |
7.3
1.7 8 20 |
7.7
1.7 8 13 |
7.4
1.9 8 19 |
7.5
1.8 8 18 |
7.6
1.6 8 16 |
| 4. Emergency Environmental Response (oil spills) | ||||||
|
Mean
Standard deviation Median Dk/Na |
7.2
2.1 8 8 |
6.8
2.1 7 7 |
7.5
2.0 8 8 |
7.3
2.2 8 8 |
7.2
2.2 7 7 |
7.3
2.2 8 8 |
| 5. Aids to Navigation | ||||||
|
Mean
Standard deviation Median Dk/Na |
7.6
1.7 8 15 |
7.2
1.9 8 15 |
7.7
1.8 8 13 |
7.5
2.1 8 15 |
7.7
1.6 8 14 |
7.5
1.7 8 16 |
| 6. Waterways Management | ||||||
|
Mean
Standard deviation Median Dk/Na |
7.0
1.9 7 14 |
6.6
1.9 7 18 |
7.1
2.0 7 11 |
7.0
2.2 8 14 |
7.0
2.0 7 14 |
7.2
1.9 8 12 |
| 7. Support of Canada’s maritime priorities, such as maritime security | ||||||
|
Mean
Standard deviation Median Dk/Na |
6.8
2.1 7 13 |
6.2
2.1 6 16 |
6.9
2.2 7 8 |
7.0
2.1 7 18 |
6.8
2.0 7 12 |
7.0
2.1 7 14 |
2. DFO PRIORITIES AND DECISION RULES
Q9. Among the following goals of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, please tell me which goal you think should be given the highest priority, which goal should be the next highest priority and which goal should be given the third highest priority. (Read and rotate all before recording answers; repeat if required.)
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Becoming a world leader for a sustainable fish and shellfish farming industry | ||||||
|
Highest priority
Second highest priority Third highest priority Not in top 3 priorities |
8
10 14 68 |
8
11 12 69 |
7
9 12 72 |
5
8 12 75 |
8
10 15 67 |
7
11 15 67 |
| 2. Effective regulations to protect fish and fish habitat | ||||||
|
Highest priority
Second highest priority Third highest priority Not in top 3 priorities |
25
25 17 34 |
25
30 17 28 |
21
25 20 34 |
22
21 21 36 |
26
24 16 34 |
23
24 17 36 |
| 3. Applying state-of-the-art scientific research to inform fisheries and oceans decisions | ||||||
|
Highest priority
Second highest priority Third highest priority Not in top 3 priorities |
10
13 17 60 |
7
14 21 58 |
6
12 17 65 |
9
12 14 65 |
11
12 19 58 |
10
15 13 62 |
| 4. Greater involvement of Aboriginals in decision-making | ||||||
|
Highest priority
Second highest priority Third highest priority Not in top 3 priorities |
5
8 10 78 |
4
7 11 78 |
3
6 11 80 |
7
12 13 68 |
5
9 8 78 |
5
7 11 77 |
| 5. Protection and conservation of fish stocks | ||||||
|
Highest priority
Second highest priority Third highest priority Not in top 3 priorities |
30
22 15 32 |
37
20 15 28 |
34
22 14 30 |
34
25 11 30 |
30
23 16 31 |
27
22 15 36 |
| 6. Protecting the livelihood of fishers and people who depend on the oceans for a living | ||||||
|
Highest priority
Second highest priority Third highest priority Not in top 3 priorities |
20
17 21 41 |
17
14 19 50 |
26
20 20 34 |
20
17 23 40 |
18
18 21 43 |
25
16 22 57 |
Q10. READ AND ROTATE A AND B BETWEEN RESPONDENTS
A. Some Fisheries and Oceans decisions require difficult trade-offs between environmental versus economic and social priorities. On a scale from -5 to +5, where would you like the government’s priority to be? (You can give any number between -5 and +5)
- -5 means highest priority to protecting the environment even if there are negative consequences for the economic and social well-being of people.
- +5 means highest priority to preserving the economic and social well-being of people even if there are negative environmental consequences.
- 0 is the middle point and means that environmental and social and economic factors should be given equal weight.
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | -1.2 | -1.8 | -0.9 | -1.0 | -1.3 | -0.8 |
| Standard deviation | 3.0 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Median | -1 | -2 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 |
Q11. In relation to the fishing industry, sustainable development means careful and responsible use of Canada’s oceans and freshwater resources, so that future generations will be able to continue using them (repeat definition if required). I’m going to ask you how confident you feel that the following fishing sectors are currently operating in a sustainable way. (Read and rotate) Would you say you are very confident, somewhat confident, not very confident, not at all confident that they are currently operating in a sustainable way or haven’t you given it much thought?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Fish and shellfish farming | ||||||
|
Very confident
Somewhat confident Not very confident Not at all confident Dk/Na |
12
46 18 5 19 |
5
38 26 16 15 |
14
53 15 5 13 |
9
45 13 7 26 |
12
45 19 4 20 |
14
47 14 4 21 |
| 2. Traditional fishing by aboriginals for food, social and ceremonial purposes | ||||||
|
Very confident
Somewhat confident Not very confident Not at all confident Dk/Na |
17
35 24 14 9 |
11
35 25 22 6 |
11
37 29 15 8 |
20
36 19 16 9 |
18
33 27 14 9 |
18
40 18 12 12 |
| 3. Recreational fishing | ||||||
|
Very confident
Somewhat confident Not very confident Not at all confident Dk/Na |
25
51 15 4 6 |
19
54 17 4 5 |
24
49 14 6 7 |
32
46 12 6 4 |
25
52 14 5 5 |
26
49 16 2 7 |
| 4. Commercial fishing | ||||||
|
Very confident
Somewhat confident Not very confident Not at all confident Dk/Na |
10
42 30 10 7 |
6
43 31 14 5 |
9
42 30 13 6 |
10
45 24 10 12 |
9
41 34 10 6 |
14
43 25 9 9 |
Q12. When making decisions related to sustainable development, do you think Fisheries and Oceans Canada does a very good, somewhat good, somewhat poor or very poor job balancing the needs of the environment with the economic and social needs of Canadians, including fishing communities, or do you not have an opinion?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very good | 11 | 6 | 11 | 15 | 9 | 15 |
| Somewhat good | 59 | 53 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 58 |
| Somewhat poor | 15 | 25 | 15 | 12 | 15 | 12 |
| Very poor | 4 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| No opinion / too unfamiliar | 12 | 8 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 |
Q13. One way to provide new fishing opportunities for Aboriginal communities while respecting conservation is to provide them with commercial licences that the government buys from fishermen who voluntarily retire. Do you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose this practice, are you indifferent or do you not know enough to say?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strongly support | 16 | 13 | 14 | 21 | 18 | 14 |
| Somewhat support | 34 | 34 | 31 | 33 | 32 | 40 |
| Somewhat oppose | 17 | 17 | 19 | 13 | 19 | 13 |
| Strongly oppose | 15 | 18 | 21 | 16 | 15 | 13 |
| Indifferent | 8 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 9 |
| Dk/Na | 10 | 11 | 8 | 12 | 8 | 11 |
3. VALUES AND BELIEFS
Q14. Now, I will read you a series of statements. For each one, tell me if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree, or if you do not have an opinion on it. (Read and rotate)
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Canada’s waters are accessible and safe for navigation | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Dk/Na |
39
48 3 1 8 |
43
47 3 <1 7 |
39
47 4 2 7 |
37
45 6 2 10 |
39
49 4 1 8 |
39
49 3 <1 10 |
| 2. Ecologically important fish habitats in Canada are being protected and preserved | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Dk/Na |
16
48 19 7 10 |
9
46 23 14 8 |
16
51 19 7 7 |
18
51 15 5 10 |
17
47 20 6 10 |
17
50 17 4 12 |
| 3. Fish populations and stocks are being properly managed in Canada | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Dk/Na |
11
44 23 11 10 |
6
36 30 22 6 |
10
41 26 17 6 |
20
40 24 7 8 |
11
44 25 9 11 |
13
49 17 9 12 |
| 4. Environmental groups have gone too far and their requests are not realistic enough | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Dk/Na |
16
36 25 14 10 |
13
34 27 20 6 |
20
34 21 15 10 |
21
34 25 12 9 |
15
36 24 15 10 |
16
36 26 10 12 |
| 5. There is room for increased economic development of Canada’s oceans without seriously damaging the environment | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Dk/Na |
23
39 19 9 10 |
16
37 24 14 8 |
22
47 16 9 7 |
26
38 15 9 12 |
23
40 19 9 9 |
27
35 19 6 13 |
| 6. Overfishing is threatening our supply of seafood | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Dk/Na |
48
35 8 3 7 |
46
33 12 3 6 |
57
30 7 3 4 |
44
29 12 5 10 |
49
36 6 3 6 |
44
35 10 2 9 |
| 7. Fish and shellfish farming is a good way to reduce the harvesting pressure on wild fish stocks | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Dk/Na |
30
45 8 5 12 |
13
38 16 22 11 |
33
45 8 3 11 |
27
43 10 6 13 |
34
47 5 3 11 |
29
45 9 3 14 |
| 8. Hunting and fishing for commercial purposes are acceptable practices, when they are carried out in a responsible manner that respects conservation | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Dk/Na |
55
35 4 4 1 |
48
41 5 4 1 |
54
35 4 5 3 |
60
28 4 5 2 |
55
34 5 5 1 |
58
35 3 3 2 |
| 9. Canada is doing what it can to fight against illegal fishing by vessels from foreign countries | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Dk/Na |
26
36 17 12 10 |
17
39 18 14 12 |
21
37 18 18 6 |
29
30 15 13 13 |
26
35 18 12 10 |
29
37 15 10 9 |
| 10. There is enough regulation and control on commercial fishing in Canadian waters | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Dk/Na |
15
43 20 11 12 |
16
42 20 12 10 |
12
41 25 16 7 |
19
40 19 5 17 |
14
41 22 11 12 |
16
47 17 7 12 |
| 11. The fish and shellfish farming industry is well regulated and controlled | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Dk/Na |
12
45 12 5 26 |
10
30 26 16 18 |
15
51 13 4 18 |
11
45 12 3 28 |
13
45 10 3 30 |
12
48 11 4 25 |
| 12. Canada must make room for Aboriginals in economic activities related to fishing and fish farming | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Dk/Na |
26
43 13 10 7 |
21
44 15 16 5 |
22
47 15 10 6 |
30
41 14 10 5 |
26
42 14 10 8 |
30
45 11 8 7 |
| 13. Canada is adequately protecting aquatic species at risk of extinction | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Dk/Na |
17
44 18 9 12 |
13
39 21 16 11 |
17
44 20 9 10 |
21
41 18 6 12 |
16
44 18 9 13 |
20
45 17 6 12 |
| 14. There is an adequate system of harbours in Canada to provide safe haven for commercial fishermen | ||||||
|
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Dk/Na |
16
47 10 2 25 |
19
45 10 3 23 |
24
46 10 4 15 |
15
40 11 4 29 |
16
47 10 1 26 |
12
50 11 1 26 |
Q15. Regardless of your level of familiarity with fish and shellfish farming, do you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, strongly oppose the practice of fish and shellfish farming in Canada or are you indifferent towards this industry?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strongly support | 32 | 14 | 38 | 32 | 37 | 29 |
| Somewhat support | 40 | 33 | 42 | 38 | 40 | 41 |
| Somewhat oppose | 7 | 19 | 6 | 11 | 5 | 7 |
| Strongly oppose | 5 | 19 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 |
| Indifferent | 12 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 15 |
| Dk/Na | 4 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 5 |
Q16. Do you believe that fisheries and fish farming activities are currently important for the economic development of coastal Aboriginal communities?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strongly agree | 32 | 21 | 34 | 31 | 32 | 35 |
| Somewhat agree | 43 | 40 | 42 | 36 | 46 | 41 |
| Somewhat disagree | 8 | 15 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 7 |
| Strongly disagree | 4 | 11 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
| Indifferent | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
| Dk/Na | 9 | 10 | 7 | 15 | 9 | 11 |
4. PERSONAL INVOLVEMENT
Q17. Do you feel that there are problems in oceans, bays, coasts, lakes or rivers in your area that affect you and your family, or can’t you say?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Are affected | 41 | 48 | 42 | 40 | 44 | 34 |
| Are not affected | 49 | 42 | 48 | 54 | 49 | 53 |
| Dk/Na | 10 | 10 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 13 |
Q18. As far as you know, is there something that you can personally do to help protect the health of and resources of our oceans, bays, coastal areas, lakes and rivers, or not?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | 55 | 55 | 50 | 55 | 60 | 48 |
| N | 38 | 40 | 42 | 39 | 35 | 42 |
| Dk/Na | 7 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 10 |
Q19. How willing would you be to do each of the following if you knew it would help protect the health and resources of our oceans, bays, coastal areas, lakes and rivers…? Would you be not at all, not very, somewhat or very willing to….(Read and rotate)
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Consume less of certain fish species to protect them | ||||||
|
Not at all willing
Not very willing Somewhat willing Very willing Dk/Na |
3
4 31 59 3 |
2
2 26 67 3 |
4
5 37 52 2 |
2
6 29 59 3 |
3
4 30 62 2 |
4
4 34 54 4 |
| 2. Support government regulation restricting the use of oceans, lakes and rivers | ||||||
|
Not at all willing
Not very willing Somewhat willing Very willing Dk/Na |
3
7 43 43 4 |
5
6 42 43 4 |
6
6 45 41 3 |
7
11 37 42 3 |
2
7 43 44 4 |
4
7 43 42 4 |
| 3. Support local efforts to reduce business and economic development of coastal areas and bays | ||||||
|
Not at all willing
Not very willing Somewhat willing Very willing Dk/Na |
5
10 49 31 6 |
6
13 48 28 5 |
7
10 46 32 5 |
5
14 47 29 6 |
4
10 48 31 6 |
4
9 50 30 7 |
| 4. Support the use of public money for science research and monitoring of Canada’s waterways | ||||||
|
Not at all willing
Not very willing Somewhat willing Very willing Dk/Na |
4
6 48 38 3 |
2
4 47 45 2 |
4
8 48 37 2 |
4
9 49 37 1 |
4
6 49 39 2 |
5
7 48 35 4 |
5. FISH CONSUMPTION
The next series of questions deals with fish as food.
Q20. Overall, do you think fish caught in the wild or farmed in Canada is safe to eat?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | 77 | 71 | 84 | 83 | 77 | 76 |
| N | 15 | 15 | 11 | 11 | 15 | 15 |
| Dk/Na | 9 | 14 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 9 |
Q21. We’re hearing more these days about trade-offs -- in other words, sacrificing one thing for the sake of another. I am going to read you a list of some possible trade-offs having to do with conservation and the environment and I would like you to tell me whether you think the sacrifice would be worth making or not, or if you are not sure? (Read – repeat if required – and rotate) Is that sacrifice worth making or not?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Limit commercial fishing to protect fishing grounds for the future – even if it means now that: | ||||||
| i. consumers might pay more for fish | ||||||
|
Worth making
Not worth making Dk/Na |
87
10 3 |
89
8 4 |
81
15 4 |
84
11 4 |
90
8 2 |
84
12 4 |
| ii. fewer jobs in the fisheries | ||||||
|
Worth making
Not worth making Dk/Na |
71
22 7 |
81
12 7 |
68
26 7 |
71
23 6 |
74
21 5 |
64
25 11 |
| 2. Take stronger measures to reduce accidentally catching fish we want to protect – even if it means now that: | ||||||
| i. consumers might pay more for fish | ||||||
|
Worth making
Not worth making Dk/Na |
82
13 5 |
89
8 3 |
78
16 6 |
77
19 4 |
84
12 3 |
78
15 7 |
| ii. fewer jobs in the fisheries | ||||||
|
Worth making
Not worth making Dk/Na |
69
23 8 |
79
14 7 |
67
27 7 |
64
27 9 |
72
22 6 |
61
27 12 |
| 3. Take stronger measures to protect endangered salmon in West and East coast rivers of Canada – even if it means now that: | ||||||
| i. consumers might pay more for electricity as a result of restrictions on the use of dams | ||||||
|
Worth making
Not worth making Dk/Na |
68
23 9 |
78
16 6 |
61
29 9 |
66
27 6 |
69
22 8 |
64
26 10 |
| ii. fewer opportunities for commercial and recreational fisheries | ||||||
|
Worth making
Not worth making Dk/Na |
78
15 7 |
84
11 5 |
75
17 8 |
74
18 7 |
80
15 5 |
72
18 10 |
6. COMMUNICATIONS AND THE MEDIA
The next series of questions are about information.
Q22. Have you seen, read or heard anything about Fisheries and Oceans Canada over the past year or so?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | 50 | 67 | 63 | 54 | 50 | 39 |
| N | 49 | 31 | 36 | 46 | 48 | 60 |
| Dk/Na | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Q23. In the past year or so, have you seen, read or heard a great deal, a moderate amount, a little or nothing about what Canada does for…? (Read and rotate)
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. The sustainable development of Canada’s waters | ||||||
|
A great deal
A moderate amount A little Nothing Dk/Na |
6
22 44 27 1 |
6
34 40 18 1 |
7
25 45 22 1 |
7
19 43 29 1 |
5
21 45 28 1 |
6
19 43 31 1 |
| 2. The management of our fishing and fish farming industry in a sustainable way | ||||||
|
A great deal
A moderate amount A little Nothing Dk/Na |
5
21 44 28 1 |
12
36 36 14 1 |
7
27 45 20 1 |
6
20 46 27 1 |
4
19 46 30 1 |
4
18 43 33 1 |
| 3. The security and safety of our waterways | ||||||
|
A great deal
A moderate amount A little Nothing Dk/Na |
7
25 41 25 1 |
8
31 42 18 <1 |
9
24 44 22 1 |
8
25 38 27 2 |
7
27 39 26 <1 |
7
21 42 28 2 |
| 4. The safety of the fish Canadians eat | ||||||
|
A great deal
A moderate amount A little Nothing Dk/Na |
7
25 39 28 1 |
9
35 36 20 1 |
7
24 42 24 2 |
9
20 43 26 2 |
6
25 39 29 <1 |
8
22 39 31 1 |
| 5. The protection of our fish and other marine species at risk | ||||||
|
A great deal
A moderate amount A little Nothing Dk/Na |
7
26 42 24 1 |
12
38 37 13 0 |
10
28 45 16 1 |
5
19 52 23 1 |
6
26 42 26 <1 |
7
20 43 28 1 |
Q24. Over the past year or so, did you look for any information on fish, fish habitats, fish stocks, oceans, lakes, rivers, anything related to fish, fisheries, oceans, the Coast Guard, safety of waterways?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | 28 | 40 | 29 | 34 | 28 | 23 |
| N | 72 | 59 | 70 | 65 | 72 | 76 |
| Dk/Na | <1 | 1 | <1 | <1 | 0 | 1 |
Q25. here did you look for, how did you get your information? (Do not read / probe: anywhere else? Record all mentions)
| BASE: LOOKED FOR INFORMATION |
TOTAL (842) % |
West (254) % |
East (195) % |
North (112) % |
Freshwater (191) % |
Inland(90) % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Fisheries and Oceans Canada website | 9 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| 2. General Government of Canada website (Canada.gc.ca) | 12 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 9 |
| 3. Internet/web other than government websites | 52 | 53 | 41 | 47 | 53 | 55 |
| 4. Newspapers | 17 | 29 | 24 | 9 | 16 | 11 |
| 5. Magazines | 15 | 13 | 12 | 15 | 19 | 11 |
| 6. Books | 8 | 9 | 5 | 13 | 8 | 10 |
| 7. Environmental groups | 3 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| 8. TV | 9 | 9 | 15 | 12 | 9 | 8 |
| 9. News | 5 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 4 |
| 10. Radi | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 11. Local organizations and people | 7 | 10 | 6 | 13 | 5 | 11 |
| 12. Fishing groups / fishermen | 5 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 6 |
| 13. Marine Industries (e.g., shipping, offshore oil and gas or ecotourism) | 1 | 1 | 2 | <1 | 1 | 0 |
| 14. Government departments (federal or provincial) | 5 | 4 | 5 | 11 | 4 | 6 |
| 15. Fisheries and Oceans Canada area offices | 3 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 1 |
| 16. Scientists | <1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 17. Academics | 1 | <1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 18. Pamphlets / brochures | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 10 |
| 19. Marine or sporting supply store | 3 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 1 |
IF FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA WEBSITE MENTIONED SKIP TO Q27
Q26. Have you ever visited the website of Fisheries and Oceans Canada?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | 11 | 22 | 15 | 16 | 11 | 8 |
| N | 88 | 77 | 84 | 84 | 88 | 91 |
| Dk/Na | 1 | 1 | 1 | <1 | 1 | 1 |
Q27. When it comes to opinions or making decisions that influence the future of our fishing and marine industries (such as commercial and recreational fishing, shipping, offshore oil and gas, or fish products processing) how much trust do you have in each of the following? (Read and rotate) Would you say you have a great deal of trust, a moderate amount of trust, little trust, or no trust at all?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Journalists / the media | ||||||
|
A great deal of trust
A moderate amount of trust Little trust No trust at all Dk/Na |
5
39 37 15 3 |
4
44 34 15 3 |
6
40 36 13 4 |
6
31 38 21 4 |
5
39 37 16 3 |
6
37 38 15 4 |
| 2. Government (federal, provincial or local) | ||||||
|
A great deal of trust
A moderate amount of trust Little trust No trust at all Dk/Na |
7
50 29 10 4 |
5
49 32 11 3 |
8
51 27 10 4 |
7
53 29 9 3 |
4
51 31 10 4 |
11
49 26 11 4 |
| 3. Non-government environmental groups and/or conservation groups | ||||||
|
A great deal of trust
A moderate amount of trust Little trust No trust at all Dk/Na |
20
49 20 7 4 |
19
51 21 6 3 |
14
49 24 8 5 |
14
50 22 9 5 |
23
48 19 6 3 |
17
51 21 7 4 |
| 4. Fishermen / fishing groups | ||||||
|
A great deal of trust
A moderate amount of trust Little trust No trust at all Dk/Na |
16
50 24 6 4 |
14
51 27 5 4 |
22
52 19 4 4 |
15
54 22 5 4 |
15
49 27 7 3 |
18
52 21 5 5 |
| 5. Fishing industry companies and processors | ||||||
|
A great deal of trust
A moderate amount of trust Little trust No trust at all Dk/Na |
6
35 39 15 5 |
3
35 40 18 4 |
6
42 35 12 5 |
8
34 37 13 8 |
4
33 42 17 4 |
8
37 36 13 6 |
| 6. Scientists | ||||||
|
A great deal of trust
A moderate amount of trust Little trust No trust at all Dk/Na |
35
48 9 3 4 |
37
47 11 2 3 |
29
49 13 4 5 |
33
48 10 3 6 |
37
47 8 4 4 |
34
50 9 2 5 |
| 7. Academics | ||||||
|
A great deal of trust
A moderate amount of trust Little trust No trust at all Dk/Na |
23
49 15 5 7 |
24
50 17 5 5 |
17
52 18 5 9 |
18
52 18 6 7 |
25
48 15 4 7 |
22
51 15 5 8 |
| 8. Local organizations and people | ||||||
|
A great deal of trust
A moderate amount of trust Little trust No trust at all Dk/Na |
17
52 22 4 5 |
20
57 16 3 4 |
18
54 20 3 5 |
22
51 18 2 6 |
18
49 23 4 5 |
13
55 22 4 5 |
| 9. The federal Minister of Fisheries and Oceans | ||||||
|
A great deal of trust
A moderate amount of trust Little trust No trust at all Dk/Na |
10
48 25 10 8 |
7
43 30 12 7 |
9
49 24 9 8 |
9
47 25 7 11 |
9
48 25 11 7 |
12
49 23 8 8 |
| 10. Your provincial minister responsible for fisheries | ||||||
|
A great deal of trust
A moderate amount of trust Little trust No trust at all Dk/Na |
7
43 27 10 12 |
6
40 27 17 9 |
8
51 23 10 8 |
6
41 26 9 18 |
6
41 29 10 14 |
10
46 25 8 12 |
| 11. Aboriginals | ||||||
|
A great deal of trust
A moderate amount of trust Little trust No trust at all Dk/Na |
10
41 27 16 7 |
7
39 35 16 3 |
7
36 32 17 8 |
14
43 26 12 5 |
11
37 28 16 8 |
9
49 22 14 5 |
Q28. In general, how well informed do you consider yourself to be concerning Government of Canada programs (Read and rotate)? Would you say you are very well informed, somewhat informed, not very informed or not at all informed?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Programs about oceans | ||||||
|
Very informed
Somewhat informed Not very informed Not at all informed Dk/Na |
2
30 42 26 <1 |
3
42 40 14 <1 |
4
36 38 20 2 |
4
25 44 25 1 |
2
27 46 25 <1 |
3
29 36 32 0 |
| 2. Programs about coastal areas and bays | ||||||
|
Very informed
Somewhat informed Not very informed Not at all informed Dk/Na |
2
27 43 27 1 |
4
36 44 15 1 |
5
36 37 21 2 |
4
25 41 30 <1 |
1
24 47 26 1 |
3
25 37 35 1 |
| 3. Programs about lakes and rivers | ||||||
|
Very informed
Somewhat informed Not very informed Not at all informed Dk/Na |
5
41 34 19 1 |
4
39 42 15 <1 |
6
39 36 18 1 |
9
46 29 17 0 |
5
43 34 17 1 |
5
38 32 25 1 |
| 4. Programs about fish habitat | ||||||
|
Very informed
Somewhat informed Not very informed Not at all informed Dk/Na |
4
35 37 23 <1 |
6
49 34 11 1 |
6
38 37 17 2 |
7
38 33 22 <1 |
3
35 39 22 <1 |
5
30 33 31 1 |
| 5. Programs about the fishing industry as a whole | ||||||
|
Very informed
Somewhat informed Not very informed Not at all informed Dk/Na |
3
36 39 21 1 |
4
49 36 11 1 |
6
46 32 14 1 |
6
31 46 17 0 |
2
33 43 21 <1 |
3
34 35 27 1 |
| 6. Programs about the farming of fish and shellfish | ||||||
|
Very informed
Somewhat informed Not very informed Not at all informed Dk/Na |
3
28 42 27 <1 |
7
48 33 12 1 |
4
38 39 18 1 |
4
25 44 26 1 |
2
25 46 27 <1 |
2
25 39 34 <1 |
| 7. Programs about the safe use of waterways | ||||||
|
Very informed
Somewhat informed Not very informed Not at all informed Dk/Na |
5
39 35 21 1 |
7
42 38 13 1 |
6
39 35 19 1 |
8
39 34 18 1 |
4
39 37 19 1 |
5
38 29 27 <1 |
Q29. In general, how interested are you in finding out more about Government of Canada programs (Read and rotate)? Would you say you are very interested, somewhat interested, not very interested, or not at all interested?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Programs about oceans | ||||||
|
Very interested
Somewhat interested Not very interested Not at all interested Dk/Na |
19
48 21 12 <1 |
26
51 17 6 <1 |
22
46 18 13 1 |
16
45 26 13 <1 |
19
46 24 10 <1 |
15
49 18 17 <1 |
| 2. Programs about coastal areas and bays | ||||||
|
Very interested
Somewhat interested Not very interested Not at all interested Dk/Na |
16
46 24 13 <1 |
24
51 18 7 1 |
23
45 20 11 1 |
14
47 24 14 1 |
16
45 26 13 <1 |
13
47 25 15 1 |
| 3. Programs about lakes and rivers | ||||||
|
Very interested
Somewhat interested Not very interested Not at all interested Dk/Na |
26
49 16 9 <1 |
24
49 20 7 <1 |
23
45 19 12 1 |
32
48 12 7 0 |
28
50 13 8 0 |
24
48 17 11 <1 |
| 4. Programs about fish habitat | ||||||
|
Very interested
Somewhat interested Not very interested Not at all interested Dk/Na |
23
46 20 11 1 |
29
44 19 6 1 |
24
46 17 12 1 |
29
47 17 8 0 |
23
48 19 10 <1 |
20
44 21 14 1 |
| 5. Programs about the fishing industry as a whole | ||||||
|
Very interested
Somewhat interested Not very interested Not at all interested Dk/Na |
17
47 23 12 <1 |
21
49 23 7 <1 |
24
48 17 9 1 |
21
45 23 11 1 |
17
46 25 12 0 |
14
48 22 15 1 |
| 6. Programs about the farming of fish and shellfish | ||||||
|
Very interested
Somewhat interested Not very interested Not at all interested Dk/Na |
18
42 25 14 <1 |
25
39 24 11 <1 |
20
46 22 12 1 |
16
45 25 14 <1 |
18
44 25 13 <1 |
16
40 25 19 1 |
| 7. Programs about the safe use of waterways | ||||||
|
Very interested
Somewhat interested Not very interested Not at all interested Dk/Na |
24
46 19 11 <1 |
26
45 22 7 1 |
22
46 19 12 1 |
24
50 17 8 1 |
23
47 20 10 0 |
24
44 16 15 <1 |
Q30. In general, how well informed do you consider yourself to be about (Read and rotate)? Would you say you are very well informed, somewhat informed, not very informed, or not at all informed?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Science related to the oceans | ||||||
|
Very informed
Somewhat informed Not very informed Not at all informed Dk/Na |
3
26 44 26 1 |
5
38 42 14 1 |
5
29 44 21 1 |
5
24 41 30 1 |
3
25 48 24 1 |
3
24 40 33 1 |
| 2. Science related to coastal areas and bays | ||||||
|
Very informed
Somewhat informed Not very informed Not at all informed Dk/Na |
3
23 44 29 <1 |
4
35 43 17 <1 |
4
31 42 22 2 |
3
22 42 32 1 |
2
24 46 28 0 |
2
16 43 38 1 |
| 3. Science related to lakes and rivers | ||||||
|
Very informed
Somewhat informed Not very informed Not at all informed Dk/Na |
5
32 38 25 1 |
5
36 45 14 <1 |
4
30 43 23 1 |
6
40 28 25 <1 |
5
36 37 21 1 |
4
25 37 34 1 |
| 4. Science related to fish and fish habitats | ||||||
|
Very informed
Somewhat informed Not very informed Not at all informed Dk/Na |
4
31 41 23 1 |
5
43 39 13 <1 |
5
34 40 20 1 |
5
38 33 24 <1 |
3
31 43 23 <1 |
5
26 39 30 1 |
| 5. Science related to fish farming | ||||||
|
Very informed
Somewhat informed Not very informed Not at all informed Dk/Na |
3
25 43 29 1 |
7
40 37 16 <1 |
3
29 44 23 1 |
3
23 42 32 0 |
2
23 47 28 1 |
2
22 39 36 1 |
| 6. Technologies related to security and safety of our waters | ||||||
|
Very informed
Somewhat informed Not very informed Not at all informed Dk/Na |
5
26 43 26 1 |
3
33 44 19 1 |
5
28 44 22 2 |
5
29 40 26 <1 |
5
25 43 25 1 |
4
23 41 31 1 |
7. BASIC PROFILE
The interview is almost over. To terminate I’d like to ask you a few questions for statistical purposes only. I’d like to remind you that all your answers are completely confidential.
Q31. How long have you lived in (Read name of location)?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Less than a year | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 1-5 years | 15 | 11 | 9 | 13 | 16 | 16 |
| 6-9 years | 7 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 8 |
| More than 10 years | 73 | 72 | 77 | 75 | 74 | 68 |
| Dk/Na | 4 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| Mean | 25.4 | 23.9 | 30.7 | 27.1 | 26.0 | 23.3 |
| Median | 22 | 20 | 30 | 25 | 22 | 20 |
Q32.How far away from the ocean or saltwater coast do you live? (Do not read unless unsure then read for prompt)
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjacent / on the water | 3 | 11 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Within 1 k | 5 | 25 | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| Between 1 km and 10 km | 8 | 34 | 29 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| Between 11 km and 25 km | 4 | 10 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Between 26 km and 50 km | 2 | 8 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Between 51 km and 75 km | 2 | 4 | 3 | <1 | 1 | 1 |
| Over 75 k | 71 | 5 | 10 | 86 | 88 | 83 |
| Dk/Na | 5 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 9 |
Q33.How far away from a freshwater lake or river do you live? (Do not read unless unsure then read for prompt)
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjacent / on the water | 9 | 6 | 10 | 17 | 15 | 0 |
| Within 1 k | 21 | 19 | 29 | 39 | 32 | 0 |
| Between 1 km and 10 km | 35 | 49 | 37 | 30 | 52 | 0 |
| Between 11 km and 25 km | 12 | 12 | 11 | 5 | <1 | 33 |
| Between 26 km and 50 km | 8 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 23 |
| Between 51 km and 75 km | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | <1 | 11 |
| Over 75 k | 7 | 4 | 2 | 2 | <1 | 22 |
| Dk/Na | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | <1 | 11 |
Q34.Over the last 12 months or so, have you or any members of your immediate family been involved in the fish processing sector or in the commercial sector of the fishing industry, including catching and farming fish, and other marine or freshwater animals for profit?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | 3 | 7 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 1 |
| N | 97 | 93 | 88 | 90 | 98 | 99 |
| Dk/Na | <1 | 0 | <1 | 0 | <1 | 0 |
Q35.Over the last 12 months or so, have you or any members of your immediate family been involved in other commercial marine industries such as shipping, or offshore oil and gas?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| N | 98 | 97 | 94 | 98 | 98 | 99 |
| Dk/Na | <1 | <1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Q36.Over the last 12 months or so, how frequently did you personally visit ocean or saltwater coastal areas, or freshwater lake and river areas in Canada for recreation, leisure or business? Would you say…? (Read)
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Several times a week | 16 | 30 | 26 | 27 | 17 | 4 |
| About once a week | 9 | 18 | 13 | 13 | 9 | 4 |
| A few times a month | 17 | 19 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 |
| A few times a year | 33 | 24 | 25 | 19 | 34 | 35 |
| Never or almost never | 26 | 7 | 18 | 24 | 23 | 38 |
| Dk/Na | <1 | <1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Q37.Are you a user of or do you live near a commercial fishing harbour?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | 15 | 43 | 44 | 11 | 9 | 9 |
| N | 83 | 54 | 55 | 87 | 90 | 89 |
| Dk/Na | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
Q38.Please stop me at the age category to which you belong. (Read)
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 to 24 years old | 12 | 11 | 9 | 14 | 11 | 14 |
| 25 to 34 years old | 17 | 14 | 14 | 18 | 17 | 19 |
| 35 to 44 years old | 22 | 20 | 21 | 25 | 23 | 22 |
| 45 to 54 years old | 19 | 21 | 25 | 21 | 20 | 16 |
| 55 to 64 years old | 12 | 14 | 14 | 11 | 13 | 10 |
| 65 years old or over | 17 | 20 | 16 | 11 | 16 | 16 |
| Dk/Na | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | 0 | 1 |
Q39.Which of the following household types best describe your current household? Please note that a couple refers to either a married or a common-law couple, including same sex couples.
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single person with no children at home | 19 | 22 | 15 | 18 | 19 | 19 |
| One adult with children at home | 6 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 5 |
| A couple without children at home | 30 | 31 | 33 | 29 | 31 | 26 |
| A couple with children at home | 37 | 35 | 37 | 41 | 37 | 40 |
| Roommates, two or more unrelated persons | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Other (do not read / do not probe) | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Dk/Na | 1 | <1 | <1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Q40.Please stop me at the highest level of formal education you have completed. (Read)
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary school or less | 2 | <1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Some high school | 11 | 7 | 13 | 14 | 11 | 11 |
| Completed high school | 27 | 27 | 32 | 26 | 25 | 28 |
| Some college / technical school (Quebec: Cegep) | 10 | 14 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 8 |
| Completed college / technical school (Quebec: Cegep) | 24 | 19 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 23 |
| Some university | 4 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 4 |
| University undergraduate degree | 12 | 14 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 13 |
| University graduate or postgraduate degree | 9 | 13 | 7 | 11 | 9 | 7 |
| Other (do not read / do not probe) | <1 | 0 | <1 | 0 | 0 | <1 |
| Dk/Na | 1 | <1 | 1 | <1 | 1 | 2 |
Q41.Which of the following best describes your current employment status?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Employed full-time | 45 | 40 | 41 | 57 | 44 | 48 |
| Employed part-time | 9 | 9 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 7 |
| Self-employed | 10 | 11 | 7 | 8 | 12 | 8 |
| Retired (not working) | 21 | 25 | 24 | 14 | 21 | 19 |
| Student | 6 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 6 |
| At home (not working for pay) | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| Unemployed but looking for a job | 3 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Other | <1 | <1 | 0 | 0 | <1 | 0 |
| Dk/Na | 1 | <1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Q42.Are you a member of any conservation or environmental organizations?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | 8 | 12 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 4 |
| N | 92 | 88 | 94 | 92 | 90 | 95 |
| Dk/Na | <1 | <1 | <1 | 0 | <1 | <1 |
Q43.Are you a member of any commercial or recreational fishing or boating associations?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | 5 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 3 |
| N | 95 | 95 | 94 | 93 | 94 | 96 |
| Dk/Na | <1 | <1 | <1 | 0 | <1 | 1 |
Q44.Do you consider yourself to be an Aboriginal person?
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | 5 | 3 | 6 | 14 | 5 | 6 |
| N | 94 | 97 | 92 | 86 | 94 | 93 |
| Dk/Na | 1 | <1 | 1 | <1 | <1 | 1 |
Please be assured that the findings of this research will be statistical information and that all information you have provided to assist in this research will be kept anonymous.
RECORD
Q45.Gender
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 49 | 51 | 47 | 49 | 53 | 42 |
| Female | 51 | 49 | 53 | 51 | 47 | 58 |
Q46. Province / region
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Newfoundland / Labrador | 2 | --- | 18 | 0 | <1 | <1 |
| Prince Edward Island | <1 | --- | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nova Scotia | 3 | --- | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| New-Brunswick | 2 | --- | 24 | 0 | 1 | <1 |
| Québec | 24 | --- | 18 | 14 | 31 | 22 |
| Ontari | 38 | --- | --- | 51 | 47 | 47 |
| Manitoba | 4 | --- | --- | 3 | 3 | 7 |
| Saskatchewan | 3 | --- | --- | 0 | 2 | 7 |
| Alberta | 10 | --- | --- | 0 | 11 | 15 |
| British Columbia | 13 | 100 | --- | 0 | 5 | 2 |
| Yukon | <1 | --- | --- | 14 | 0 | 0 |
| Northwest Territories | <1 | --- | --- | 16 | 0 | 0 |
| Nunavut | <1 | --- | --- | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Q47. Postal Code
Q48. Language of interview
|
TOTAL (2,604) % |
West (602) % |
East (663) % |
North (301) % |
Freshwater (669) % |
Inland (369) % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | 77 | 100 | 77 | 81 | 70 | 79 |
| French | 23 | <1 | 23 | 19 | 30 | 21 |
Q49.Census division (recorded automatically)
1. Census divisions were classified in 4 groups:
-
EAST COAST: NB, NL, NS, PE and some census divisions of Quebec.
-
WEST COAST: most census divisions of BC.
-
NORTH: NT, NU, YK, some census divisions of QB, ON and MN.
-
CENTRAL: AB, SK, some census divisions of BC, MN and most census divisions of QB and ON – Freshwater and Inland residents were screened from these census divisions. [return]
2. 1) Marine search and rescue; 2) Ice Breaking; 3) Marine Communications and Traffic Services; 4) Emergency Environmental Response (oil spills); 5) Aids to Navigation; 6) Waterways Management; and 7) Support of Canada’s maritime priorities, such as maritime security. [return]
3. 1) Becoming a world leader for a sustainable fish and shellfish farming industry; 2) Effective regulations to protect fish and fish habitat; 3) Applying state-of-the-art scientific research to inform fisheries and oceans decisions; 4) Greater involvement of Aboriginals in decision-making; 5) Protection and conservation of fish stocks; and 6) Protecting the livelihood of fishers and people who depend on the oceans for a living.[return]
4. 1) Fish and shellfish farming; 2) Traditional fishing by aboriginals for food, social and ceremonial purposes; 3) Recreational fishing; and 4) Commercial fishing. [return]
5. 1) Limit commercial fishing to protect fishing grounds for the future; 2) Take stronger measures to reduce accidentally catching fish we want to protect; and 3) Take stronger measures to protect endangered salmon in West and East coast rivers of Canada. [return]
6. 1) Consume less of certain fish species to protect them; 2) Support government regulation restricting the use of oceans, lakes and rivers; 3) Support local efforts to reduce business and economic development of coastal areas and bays; and 4) Support the use of public money for science research and monitoring of Canada’s waterways. [return]
7. Programs about: 1) oceans; 2) coastal areas and bays; 3) lakes and rivers; 4) fish habitat; 5) the fishing industry as a whole; 6) the farming of fish and shellfish; and 7) the safe use of waterways. [return]
8. Correspondence analysis is a statistical method used specifically for the multivariate analysis of a rectangular table (ex.: target groups and descriptive variables) with numerical values so large that they prevent rapid assimilation of the information contained. Multivariate analysis does not differ much in principle from factor analysis in that it seeks to identify common factors or variables within survey results that enable us to distinguish population groups. The difference between the two methods stem from the types of data involved. Factor analysis is not symmetrical: only survey questions are aggregated into factors. Correspondence analysis is symmetrical: survey questions and respondents are aggregated simultaneously. The software used allows mapping on the same factor axes of the segments and the descriptive variables. The basic principles of interpretation are: a) some degree of proximity between two segments means that the characteristics of the two segments are correlated to some degree, especially as the segment points become more distant from the point of origin (centre of the map); b) the position of a point on a factor axis is the coefficient of correlation of this segment with the corresponding factor; thus, points located in the centre frame at the origin have no significant correlation with the factors; c) proximity between two descriptive variables means that these two variables are correlated; and, d) proximity between a segment and a descriptive variable signifies, on average, that this variable is distinctive to this segment. [return]
