Canada-British Columbia Marine Protected Area Network Strategy
Table of Contents
- Complete Text
- Preface
- Introduction
- The Need to Plan MPA Networks
- What is an MPA? What is an MPA Network?
- Vision and Goals for a Network of Marine Protected Areas on the Pacific Coast of Canada
- Planning Principles
- Planning Regions for Marine Protected Area Networks
- Governance
- Moving Forward
- Appendix 1. Marine Ecosystem Stressors in the North East Pacific
- Appendix 2. Protected Area Legislation in Pacific Canada
- Appendix 3. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories
- Background Documents and References
Background Documents and References
- Angulo-Valdes, J.A. and B.G. Hatcher. 2010. A new typology of benefits derived from marine protected areas. Marine Policy, 34: 635–644.
- Beamish, R. J., J. R. King and G. A. McFarlane. 2009. Canada. Pages 14-55 in R. J. Beamish, editor. Impacts of climate and climate change on the key species in the fisheries in the North Pacific. PICES Scientific Report No. 35. PICES Working Group on Climate Change, Shifts in Fish Populations, and Fisheries Management. North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), Secretariat, Sidney BC.
- Beattie, A, U.R. Sumaila, V. Christense and D. Pauly. 2002. A model for the bioeconomic evaluation of marine protected area size and placement in the North Sea. Natural Resource Modelling, 15(4): 413-437.
- Blyth-Skyrme, R.E., M.J. Kaiser, J.G. Hiddink, G. Edwards-Jones and P.J.B. Hart. 2005. Conservation Benefits of Temperate Marine Protected Areas: Variation among Fish Species. Conservation Biology, 20(3): 811-820.
- California Department of Fish & Game. 2008. California Marine Life Protection Act: California Master Plan for Marine Protected Areas. Revised Draft Master Plan, January 2008.
- Chiappone, M., H. Dienes, D. Swanson and S. Miller. 2005. Impacts of lost fishing gear on coral reef sessile invertebrates in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Biological Conservation, 121:221-230.
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). 2009. Development of a Framework and Principles for the Biogeographic Classification of Canadian Marine Areas. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Sci. Advis. Rep. 2009/056. (Accessed at: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs/Publications/SAR-AS/2009/2009_056-eng.htm) (CSAS SAR 2009-056)
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). 2006. Impacts of trawl gears and scallop dredges on benthic habitats, populations and communities. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Sci. Advis. Rep. 2006/025. (Accessed at: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs/Publications/SAR-AS/2006/2006_025-eng.htm (CSAS SAR - 2006/025) )
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). 2005. Canada's Federal Marine Protected Areas Strategy. DFO/2005-799. Cat. No. FS23-478/2005. ISBN 0-662-69076-1.
- Department of Justice (DOJ). 1996. Oceans Act. (Accessed at: http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/showtdm/cs/O-2.4)
- Dudley, N. (ed.) 2008. Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. x 86pp.
- Dudley, N. and J. Parish. 2006. Closing the Gap. Creating Ecologically Representative Protected Area Systems: A Guide to Conducting the Gap Assessments of Protected Area Systems for the Convention on Biological Diversity. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, Technical Series no. 24, vi + 108 pages.
- Government of British Columbia - Ministry of Environment. 2006. Alive and Inseparable: British Columbia's Coastal Environment. 335 pp.
- Government of Canada. 2011. National Framework for Canada's Network of Marine Protected Areas. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa. 31 pp.
- Governments of Canada & British Columbia, 1998. Marine Protected Areas: A Strategy for Canada's Pacific Coast – Discussion Paper.
- Grant, S.C.H. and P.S. Ross. 2002. Southern resident killer whales at risk: Toxic chemicals in the British Columbia and Washington environment. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2412: xii + 111 p.
- GS Gislason & Associates Ltd. 2007. Economic Contribution of the Oceans Sector in British Columbia. Report prepared for Canada/ British Columbia Oceans Coordinating Committee. 77 pp.
- Halpern, B.S. 2003. The impact of marine reserves: do reserves work and does reserve size matter? Ecological Applications, 13: S117-S137.
- IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas (IUCN-WCPA). 2008. Establishing Marine Protected Area Networks – Making It Happen. Washington, D.C.: IUCN-WCPA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and The Nature Conservancy. 118 p.
- Johannessen, D.I., J.S. Macdonald, K.A. Harris and P.S. Ross. 2007. Marine environmental quality in the Pacific North Coast Integrated Management Area (PNCIMA), British Columbia, Canada: A summary of contaminant sources, types and risks. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2716: xi + 53 p.
- Klein, C.J.. A. Chan, A. Cundiff, N. Gardner, Y. Hrovat, L. Kircher, A. Scholz, B. Kendall and S. Airame. 2008. Striking a balance between biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic viability in the design of marine protected areas. Conservation Biology, 22: 691-600.
- Laffoley, D. d'A., (ed). 2008. Towards Networks of Marine Protected Areas. The MPA Plan of Action for IUCN's World Commission on Protected Areas. IUCN WCPA, Gland, Switzerland. 28 pp.
- Lester, S.E., B.S. Halpern, K. Grorud-Colvert, J. Lubchenco, B.I. Ruttenberg, S.D. Gaines, S. Airamé and R.R. Warner. 2009. Biological effects within no-take marine reserves: a global synthesis. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 384: 33–46.
- McCook, L.J., T. Ayling, M. Cappo, J.H. Choat, R.D. Evans, D.M. Freitas, M. Heupel, T.P.Hughes, G.P.Jones, B. Mapstone, H. Marsh, M. Mills, F.J. Molly, C.R. Pitcher, R.L. Pressey, G.R. Russ, S. Sutton, H. Sweatman, R. Tobin, D.R. Wachenfeld and D.H. Williamson. 2010. Adaptive Management of the Great Barrier Reef: A globally significant demonstration of the benefits of networks of networks of marine reserves. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(1): 1-8.
- Molloy, P.P., I.B. McLean and I.M. Cote. 2009. Effects of marine reserve age on fish populations: a global meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Ecology, 46: 743-751.
- MPA Decision Support Tool, 2010.
- Orr, J.C., V.J. Fabry, O. Aumont, L. Bopp, S.C. Doney, R.A. Feely, A. Gnanadesikan, N. Gruber, A. Ishida, F. Joos, R.M. Key, K. Lindsay, E. Maier-Reimer, R. Matear, P. Monfray, A. Mouchet, R.G. Najjar, G-K. Plattner, K.B. Rodgers, C.L. Sabine, J.L. Sarmiento, R. Schlitzer, R.D. Slater, I.J. Totterdell, M-F. Weirig, Y. Yamanaka, and A. Yool. 2005. Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature, 43, 681-686.
- Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, 1992.http://www.unesco.org/education/pdf/RIO_E.PDF
- Roberts, C., G. Branch, R. Bustamante, J.C. Castilla, J. Dugan, B. Halpern, H. Leslie, K. Lafferty, J. Lubchenco, D. McArdle, M. Ruckleshaus and R. Warner. 2003. Application of ecological criteria in selecting marine reserves and developing reserve networks. Ecological Applications,13: S215-S228.
- Sala, E., O. Aburto-Oropeza, G. Paredes, I. Parra, J. C. Barrera and P. K. Dayton. 2002. A general model for designing networks of marine reserves. Science, 298 (5600): 1991-1993.
- Smith, J.L., K. Lewis and J. Laughren. 2006. A Policy and Planning Framework for Marine Protected Area Networks in Canada's Oceans. WWF-Canada: Halifax. 105 pp.
- Stokstad, Erik. 2010. Science meets Politics Off Califorinia's Coast. Science, 327: 1574 – 1575.
- Tognelli, M.F., M. Fernandez and P.A. Marquet. 2009. Assessing the performance of the existing and proposed network of marine protected area to conserve marine biodiversity in Chile. Biological Conservation, 142: 3147-3153.
- WCPA/IUCN. 2007. Establishing networks of marine protected areas: A guide for developing national and regional capacity for building MPA networks. Non-technical summary report.
- Wielgus, J., E. Sala and L.R. Gerber. 2008. Assessing the ecological and economic benefits of a no-take marine reserve. Ecological Economics, 67: 32-40.
- Wootton, J. T., C. A. Pfister and J. D. Forester. 2008. Dynamic patterns and ecological impacts of declining ocean pH in a high-resolution multi-year dataset. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105:18848–18853.
- Date modified: