About the Gulf of St. Lawrence Ecosystem

The Gulf of St. Lawrence is similar to an inland sea with a distinct ecosystem, characterized by partial isolation from the North Atlantic Ocean, freshwater run-off from the land, a deep trough running along its length, seasonal ice, the presence of a cold intermediate layer, shallow depths and high biological productivity and diversity.

The distinct qualities of the physical systems and biological components of the Gulf combine to create its unique environment. This environment also governs how humans settle and use the resources within it. Many people depend on its resources for their livelihood. As a result, a wide variety of human activities occur within and adjacent to the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

The human environment of the Gulf is also unique. It is surrounded by five Canadian provinces of which populations are composed of Anglophones and Francophones and many First Nations, which create a wide array of culturally and socially distinct settlements.

More information on the ecosystem components and human threats can be found in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence Marine Ecosystem Overview and Assessment Report.